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<p>Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted considerable interest for their biomedical potential due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using <i>Thespesia populnea</i> leaf extract through a green approach and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS analyses. The NPs exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 370&#xa0;nm, crystalline sizes ranging from 20–40&#xa0;nm, and a wurtzite structure with good stability. The bioactivities of the synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated against a carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) clinical isolate and in relevant <i>in vitro</i> assays. The NPs displayed potent antibacterial activity with both MIC and MBC values of 30&#xa0;µg/ml and showed strong antibiofilm efficacy, achieving 92.3% inhibition at 30&#xa0;µg/ml. Antioxidant testing demonstrated moderate radical scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 301.5&#xa0;µg/mL), while anti-inflammatory assays revealed COX (44.45%) and LOX (42.72%) inhibition at 100&#xa0;µg/ml. Cytotoxicity assays in L929 fibroblasts indicated dose-dependent effects with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 95.16&#xa0;µg/ml, suggesting acceptable cytocompatibility. Overall, <i>T. populnea</i>-mediated ZnO NPs represent a multifunctional therapeutic candidate that combines antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against CRKP with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering translational potential in combating multidrug-resistant infections.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of ZnO NPs Using Leaf Extract of Thespesia populnea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Sini Kurien,
  • Sijo Asokan,
  • Gayathri Rajappan Nair P V,
  • Tijo Cherian,
  • Mostafa Mohammed Atiyah,
  • Smitha Vijayan

摘要

Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted considerable interest for their biomedical potential due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using Thespesia populnea leaf extract through a green approach and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS analyses. The NPs exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 370 nm, crystalline sizes ranging from 20–40 nm, and a wurtzite structure with good stability. The bioactivities of the synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated against a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) clinical isolate and in relevant in vitro assays. The NPs displayed potent antibacterial activity with both MIC and MBC values of 30 µg/ml and showed strong antibiofilm efficacy, achieving 92.3% inhibition at 30 µg/ml. Antioxidant testing demonstrated moderate radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 301.5 µg/mL), while anti-inflammatory assays revealed COX (44.45%) and LOX (42.72%) inhibition at 100 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity assays in L929 fibroblasts indicated dose-dependent effects with an IC50 of 95.16 µg/ml, suggesting acceptable cytocompatibility. Overall, T. populnea-mediated ZnO NPs represent a multifunctional therapeutic candidate that combines antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against CRKP with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering translational potential in combating multidrug-resistant infections.

Graphical Abstract