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<p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green route, where an ethanol-water extract of Litchi chinensis peel served as both the reducing and stabilizing agent, with AgNO₃ as the precursor. Synthesis parameters were optimized by response surface methodology with central composite design, identifying 13.2% ethanol and 13.9&#xa0;g/L of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> peel dosage as the optimum. The produced AgNPs were phase-pure and predominantly spherical, with an average particle size of 14.0&#xa0;nm, a zeta potential of − 22.4 mV, and a surface plasmon resonance at 440&#xa0;nm. Conversion of Ag⁺ to Ag° reached 94.8% after a 24-h reaction at room temperature, and the resultant nanoparticles exhibited stability for 90 days under ambient temperature storage conditions. Biologically, the AgNPs inhibited representative Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>,<i> Lactobacillus fermentum</i>,<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>,<i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>,<i> Salmonella enterica</i>), and showed activity against cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549, MCF7). For sensing, the material enabled colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ over the range of 0.25–18.00 ppm, with a limit of detection of 1.88 ppm. These results demonstrate an optimized and sustainable pathway from agricultural by-products to functional AgNPs with dual utility in antimicrobial and anticancer applications, as well as in Cu²⁺ monitoring.</p>

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Investigating Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities with Cu²⁺ Detection of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Litchi Chinensis Peel Ethanol–Water Extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Trung Dien Nguyen,
  • Son Hong Nguyen,
  • Hong Thi Nguyen,
  • Hang Thi Phung,
  • Yen Hoang Hai,
  • Nhung Thi-Tuyet Thai,
  • Quan Minh Dang

摘要

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green route, where an ethanol-water extract of Litchi chinensis peel served as both the reducing and stabilizing agent, with AgNO₃ as the precursor. Synthesis parameters were optimized by response surface methodology with central composite design, identifying 13.2% ethanol and 13.9 g/L of Litchi chinensis peel dosage as the optimum. The produced AgNPs were phase-pure and predominantly spherical, with an average particle size of 14.0 nm, a zeta potential of − 22.4 mV, and a surface plasmon resonance at 440 nm. Conversion of Ag⁺ to Ag° reached 94.8% after a 24-h reaction at room temperature, and the resultant nanoparticles exhibited stability for 90 days under ambient temperature storage conditions. Biologically, the AgNPs inhibited representative Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica), and showed activity against cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549, MCF7). For sensing, the material enabled colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ over the range of 0.25–18.00 ppm, with a limit of detection of 1.88 ppm. These results demonstrate an optimized and sustainable pathway from agricultural by-products to functional AgNPs with dual utility in antimicrobial and anticancer applications, as well as in Cu²⁺ monitoring.