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<p>The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using <i>Pavonia odorata</i> extract (PO-ZnO NPs) was successfully achieved and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. UV–Vis analysis revealed a strong absorption peak at 299.5&#xa0;nm, confirming the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR identified functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, suggesting the role of phytochemicals in reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. XRD patterns matched the hexagonal wurtzite structure, indicating high crystallinity and purity. SEM images showed predominantly spherical to hexagonal morphologies with slight agglomeration. EDAX confirmed the presence of Zn and O without significant impurities. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited potent biological activities. Antibacterial studies revealed dose-dependent inhibition against various bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity was evident with an IC₅₀ value of 28.11&#xa0;µg/mL, while anti-inflammatory effects showed inhibition rates above 97%. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated concentration-dependent toxicity. MTT assay confirmed reduced cell viability, and AO/PI staining showed apoptotic cell death with nuclear condensation and membrane damage. Elevated intracellular ROS levels at higher concentrations suggested oxidative stress as a potential mechanism of cytotoxicity. These findings highlight the potential of Pavonia odorata-mediated ZnO NPs as promising therapeutic agents with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, warranting further in vivo studies for clinical translation in the management of lung cancer and associated conditions.</p>

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Green-Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles from Pavonia odorata Exhibiting Anticancer Activity Against A549 Lung Cells and Multifunctional Bioactivities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Monisha Punniyakotti,
  • E. Abishek,
  • N. Manoj,
  • Chinnasamy Ragavendran,
  • Binoy Varghese Cheriyan,
  • Pavithra Bharathy

摘要

The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Pavonia odorata extract (PO-ZnO NPs) was successfully achieved and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. UV–Vis analysis revealed a strong absorption peak at 299.5 nm, confirming the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR identified functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, suggesting the role of phytochemicals in reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. XRD patterns matched the hexagonal wurtzite structure, indicating high crystallinity and purity. SEM images showed predominantly spherical to hexagonal morphologies with slight agglomeration. EDAX confirmed the presence of Zn and O without significant impurities. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited potent biological activities. Antibacterial studies revealed dose-dependent inhibition against various bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity was evident with an IC₅₀ value of 28.11 µg/mL, while anti-inflammatory effects showed inhibition rates above 97%. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated concentration-dependent toxicity. MTT assay confirmed reduced cell viability, and AO/PI staining showed apoptotic cell death with nuclear condensation and membrane damage. Elevated intracellular ROS levels at higher concentrations suggested oxidative stress as a potential mechanism of cytotoxicity. These findings highlight the potential of Pavonia odorata-mediated ZnO NPs as promising therapeutic agents with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, warranting further in vivo studies for clinical translation in the management of lung cancer and associated conditions.