<p>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a revolutionary technology in neuropharmacology, allowing for the creation of physiologically relevant, patient-specific neural tissue constructs. 3D bioprinting uses neural stem cells, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and biomimetic bioinks to make a model of the central nervous system (CNS), and has a lot of different parts. These bioprinted models provide superior fidelity in replicating intricate neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and glioblastoma, exceeding the constraints of conventional 2D cultures and animal models. Customized bioinks of natural polymers and extracellular matrix (ECM) parts help important neural functions like cell viability, synaptic connectivity, and neurite extension. This makes it possible to grow cells in vitro for a long time that are very similar to cells in vivo. These improvements make drug screening and toxicity testing much more accurate. Patient-derived constructs also make personalized medicine and genotype-specific pharmacological assessments possible. Still, it is hard to get vascularization, functional maturation, and high-resolution spatial patterning to work. Dynamic bioinks, microfluidic integration, electrical stimulation, and multi-tissue assembly are all areas where new ideas are being developed to fix these problems. To make clinical translation possible, problems with regulations and scalability must also be fixed. This review rigorously evaluates the principles, novel applications, and existing constraints of 3D bioprinting in neuropharmacology. It emphasizes the transformative potential of this interdisciplinary approach in enhancing disease modeling, drug development, and precision therapeutics for CNS disorders.</p>