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<p>Biological resources were used to synthesize metal oxide nanomaterials through a simple and eco-friendly approach. The current study describes the biological synthesis of manganese oxide-doped calcium oxide nanocomposites (MnO-doped CaO NCs) and characterization of physicochemical and biological properties. The phytochemical analysis of <i>I. aspalathoides</i> extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and coumarins. <i>I. aspalathoides</i> were utilized for the green synthesis of MnO-doped CaO NCs. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were employed to assess the characteristics of the green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs. The FTIR spectra of MnO-doped NCs exhibited a variety of functional groups, which included alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, alkene, nitro groups, aromatic compounds, metal oxides, and alkyl halides. XRD spectrum of the MnO-doped CaO NCs displayed a crystalline nature with an average size of 60.86&#xa0;nm. FESEM images of MnO-doped NCs were found to be of nano-petal shape and well dispersed. The elemental composition was assessed using EDX analysis, which confirmed the presence of Mn (56.25%), Ca (10.09%), O (26.02%), and C (7.64%) in the synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the MnO-doped CaO NCs were thermally stable, with a 32% weight loss because of the breakdown of water molecules, bioactive chemical compounds, and carbon residues. The green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO nanocomposites were screened against gram-negative bacteria like <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. coli,</i> and they revealed an excellent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 23&#xa0;mm. The green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs might be utilized to treat a variety of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Green-synthesized NCs can be utilized to develop cost-effective and eco-friendly medications.</p>

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Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Indigofera aspalathoides-Assisted Manganese Oxide-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月21日

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  • Joaval Antony Martin,
  • Rajiv Periakaruppan,
  • Danusree Babu,
  • Karungan Selvaraj Vijai Selvaraj,
  • Noura Al‑Dayan

摘要

Biological resources were used to synthesize metal oxide nanomaterials through a simple and eco-friendly approach. The current study describes the biological synthesis of manganese oxide-doped calcium oxide nanocomposites (MnO-doped CaO NCs) and characterization of physicochemical and biological properties. The phytochemical analysis of I. aspalathoides extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and coumarins. I. aspalathoides were utilized for the green synthesis of MnO-doped CaO NCs. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were employed to assess the characteristics of the green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs. The FTIR spectra of MnO-doped NCs exhibited a variety of functional groups, which included alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, alkene, nitro groups, aromatic compounds, metal oxides, and alkyl halides. XRD spectrum of the MnO-doped CaO NCs displayed a crystalline nature with an average size of 60.86 nm. FESEM images of MnO-doped NCs were found to be of nano-petal shape and well dispersed. The elemental composition was assessed using EDX analysis, which confirmed the presence of Mn (56.25%), Ca (10.09%), O (26.02%), and C (7.64%) in the synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the MnO-doped CaO NCs were thermally stable, with a 32% weight loss because of the breakdown of water molecules, bioactive chemical compounds, and carbon residues. The green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO nanocomposites were screened against gram-negative bacteria like K. pneumoniae and E. coli, and they revealed an excellent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 23 mm. The green-synthesized MnO-doped CaO NCs might be utilized to treat a variety of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Green-synthesized NCs can be utilized to develop cost-effective and eco-friendly medications.