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<p>The present study aimed to optimize the fabrication of bacitracin zinc-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach and to evaluate their potential for enhancing wound healing. A Box-Behnken design was employed to systematically investigate the effects of critical process parameters—applied voltage, needle-to-collector distance, and flow rate—on drug entrapment efficiency and nanofiber diameter. The optimized nanofibers demonstrated superior drug entrapment efficiency (95.21 ± 1.17%) and a uniform diameter of 37.66 ± 2.86&#xa0;nm. Physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful encapsulation of Bacitracin Zinc, structural integrity, and desirable surface properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) validated the chemical stability of the formulation, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed consistent morphology. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated the amorphous dispersion of the drug within the nanofiber matrix, and contact angle measurements revealed moderate hydrophilicity (86.60°), enhancing moisture management in wound environments. Drug release studies exhibited a biphasic release pattern, with an initial burst phase followed by sustained release, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9992). In vitro wound scratch assays demonstrated superior wound closure rates with bacitracin zinc-loaded PVA nanofibers compared to controls, attributed to enhanced bioavailability and antimicrobial activity. Zebrafish embryonic toxicity studies confirmed the biocompatibility and safety of the optimized formulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that bacitracin zinc-loaded PVA nanofibers, developed through a QbD framework, represent a promising and effective platform for sustained drug delivery and advanced wound management, with strong potential for future clinical applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication, Characterization, and Optimization of Bacitracin Zinc-Loaded PVA Nanofibers for Enhanced Wound Healing: Analysis of Drug Delivery, Release Kinetics, Biocompatibility, and In Vitro Efficacy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • Nandhini Jayaprakash,
  • Karthikeyan Elumalai,
  • Parthasarathi Venkateasan,
  • Mahalakshmi Devaraji,
  • Karthik Karunakar,
  • Sujaritha Jayaraj,
  • Vandhana Vijaykumar,
  • Lokesh Ravikumar

摘要

The present study aimed to optimize the fabrication of bacitracin zinc-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach and to evaluate their potential for enhancing wound healing. A Box-Behnken design was employed to systematically investigate the effects of critical process parameters—applied voltage, needle-to-collector distance, and flow rate—on drug entrapment efficiency and nanofiber diameter. The optimized nanofibers demonstrated superior drug entrapment efficiency (95.21 ± 1.17%) and a uniform diameter of 37.66 ± 2.86 nm. Physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful encapsulation of Bacitracin Zinc, structural integrity, and desirable surface properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) validated the chemical stability of the formulation, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed consistent morphology. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated the amorphous dispersion of the drug within the nanofiber matrix, and contact angle measurements revealed moderate hydrophilicity (86.60°), enhancing moisture management in wound environments. Drug release studies exhibited a biphasic release pattern, with an initial burst phase followed by sustained release, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2 = 0.9992). In vitro wound scratch assays demonstrated superior wound closure rates with bacitracin zinc-loaded PVA nanofibers compared to controls, attributed to enhanced bioavailability and antimicrobial activity. Zebrafish embryonic toxicity studies confirmed the biocompatibility and safety of the optimized formulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that bacitracin zinc-loaded PVA nanofibers, developed through a QbD framework, represent a promising and effective platform for sustained drug delivery and advanced wound management, with strong potential for future clinical applications.

Graphical Abstract