<p>The integration of biomaterials and stem cell therapies into immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment and regenerative medicine. Stem cells, particularly hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess immunomodulatory properties that can enhance the effectiveness of various therapeutic agents. When combined with engineered biomaterials, these cells offer targeted, localized treatments that overcome challenges posed by traditional immunotherapies, such as systemic toxicity and immune evasion. Recent advancements in biomaterial scaffolds have enabled the creation of personalized platforms that support stem cell growth, facilitate immune cell infiltration, and enhance immunotherapy efficacy. These bioengineered immune niches can be tailored to the patient’s specific tumor characteristics, providing a flexible, patient-specific approach to cancer treatment. Furthermore, the use of gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 allows for precise modification of stem cells, enhancing their ability to target specific tumor types and optimize immune responses. The future of cancer immunotherapy will likely be shaped by continuing innovations in personalization and precision medicine, particularly in the design of thermoresponsive nanomaterials that enable controlled release of therapeutic agents and real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy. However, translating these combined therapies into clinical practice presents numerous challenges, including regulatory and safety concerns, manufacturing scalability, and ethical considerations surrounding gene-modified stem cells. Overcoming these hurdles will be crucial in moving these promising treatments from the lab to the clinical setting, ultimately transforming cancer care and offering hope for patients worldwide.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>