<p>Cancer remains to be among the leading causes of mortality globally, with over 10 million new cases reported annually. The tumor microenvironment and complexity poses considerable challenges to breast cancer treatment. Various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including temperature, redox conditions, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and pH, can be used for triggering drug release. The intracellular pH of solid tumors is maintained to remain lower than the extracellular pH. Consequently, pH-responsive nanoformulations demonstrate superior efficacy in drug delivery to tumors relative to conventional formulations. Natural polymers based nanoformulations offers a novel approach to overcome these stimuli related limitations. The acidic tumor microenvironment of solid tumours can be exploited by pH responsive nanoformulations to achieve a smart stimuli responsive drug delivery. Natural polymers have some abundant functional groups that enable chemical modification to enhance solubility of drug, loading capacity of drugs and also targeting ligand attachment. This review explores the types of pH-responsive natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and gelatin, describing their chemical structures and pH-response mechanisms, also highlighting the most representative applications of pH-responsive polymers in cancer therapy. Recent advancements, present challenges, and the clinical significance of natural polymer-based nanocarriers for the treatment of breast cancer are all addressed in the article.</p>

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pH-Responsive Natural Polymers as Versatile Carriers for Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer: A Review

  • Pallavi Dasharath Velapure,
  • Shantanu Rajkumar Chakote,
  • Divyanshi Kansal,
  • Anita Barooah,
  • Datta Maroti Pawde,
  • Chandrashekhar Digambar Bobade

摘要

Cancer remains to be among the leading causes of mortality globally, with over 10 million new cases reported annually. The tumor microenvironment and complexity poses considerable challenges to breast cancer treatment. Various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including temperature, redox conditions, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and pH, can be used for triggering drug release. The intracellular pH of solid tumors is maintained to remain lower than the extracellular pH. Consequently, pH-responsive nanoformulations demonstrate superior efficacy in drug delivery to tumors relative to conventional formulations. Natural polymers based nanoformulations offers a novel approach to overcome these stimuli related limitations. The acidic tumor microenvironment of solid tumours can be exploited by pH responsive nanoformulations to achieve a smart stimuli responsive drug delivery. Natural polymers have some abundant functional groups that enable chemical modification to enhance solubility of drug, loading capacity of drugs and also targeting ligand attachment. This review explores the types of pH-responsive natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and gelatin, describing their chemical structures and pH-response mechanisms, also highlighting the most representative applications of pH-responsive polymers in cancer therapy. Recent advancements, present challenges, and the clinical significance of natural polymer-based nanocarriers for the treatment of breast cancer are all addressed in the article.