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<p>The treatment of melanoma has been transformed by recent developments in biomaterial engineering, which combines 3D printing with nanoparticle–hydrogel scaffolds to improve tumor suppression, tissue regeneration, and medication delivery. Tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immune evasion are problems for traditional therapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted medications. In response, biocompatible polymer-based 3D-printed scaffolds, like polylactic acid–fluorohydroxyapatite composites, provide structural support and regulated chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Hydrogel-based systems that are reinforced with flavanone@ZIF-8 nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and metal–organic frameworks aid in the healing of surgical wounds and enable antibacterial and anti-cancer treatment. Furthermore, bioactivity, extended drug release, and mechanical stability are enhanced by intelligent biomaterials such as tannic acid-modified scaffolds, polyhedral silsesquioxane nanoparticles, and hydrogels based on gelatin methacryloyl. New approaches concentrate on incorporating magneto-piezoelectric nanoparticles, which improve tumor elimination by boosting immune responses and biofilm destruction. Tumor-specific precision is provided by personalized medicine techniques such modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) therapies and melanoma-targeting polymer micelles. For flexible and patient-specific melanoma treatment, future studies should focus on bio fabrication methods that integrate 3D bioprinting, nanotechnology, and immune regulation. Notwithstanding encouraging outcomes, there are still issues with tumor targeting, scaffold degradation, and clinical translation. To overcome drug resistance and maximize therapeutic results in the treatment of melanoma, precision medicine will need to advance with biomaterials, real-time biosensing, and combination therapies.</p>

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Engineering Biomaterial Scaffolds for Melanoma: Innovations in 3D Printing and Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Scaffolds for Enhanced Drug Delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • H. S. Praveen,
  • N. Ragavendra Naveen,
  • Prakash Goudanavar

摘要

The treatment of melanoma has been transformed by recent developments in biomaterial engineering, which combines 3D printing with nanoparticle–hydrogel scaffolds to improve tumor suppression, tissue regeneration, and medication delivery. Tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immune evasion are problems for traditional therapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted medications. In response, biocompatible polymer-based 3D-printed scaffolds, like polylactic acid–fluorohydroxyapatite composites, provide structural support and regulated chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Hydrogel-based systems that are reinforced with flavanone@ZIF-8 nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and metal–organic frameworks aid in the healing of surgical wounds and enable antibacterial and anti-cancer treatment. Furthermore, bioactivity, extended drug release, and mechanical stability are enhanced by intelligent biomaterials such as tannic acid-modified scaffolds, polyhedral silsesquioxane nanoparticles, and hydrogels based on gelatin methacryloyl. New approaches concentrate on incorporating magneto-piezoelectric nanoparticles, which improve tumor elimination by boosting immune responses and biofilm destruction. Tumor-specific precision is provided by personalized medicine techniques such modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) therapies and melanoma-targeting polymer micelles. For flexible and patient-specific melanoma treatment, future studies should focus on bio fabrication methods that integrate 3D bioprinting, nanotechnology, and immune regulation. Notwithstanding encouraging outcomes, there are still issues with tumor targeting, scaffold degradation, and clinical translation. To overcome drug resistance and maximize therapeutic results in the treatment of melanoma, precision medicine will need to advance with biomaterials, real-time biosensing, and combination therapies.