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<p><i>Vaccinium neilgherrense</i>, a plant with a rich history of medicinal use, has been explored for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using its leaf extract. The synthesized FeNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, which confirmed their formation with an absorption peak at 318&#xa0;nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identified 12 functional groups, indicating the involvement of plant metabolites in nanoparticle stabilization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed a crystalline structure, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed rod-shaped morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) in the nanoparticles. Biological evaluations demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the highest zone of inhibition observed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (11&#xa0;mm). Biofilm inhibition assays further confirmed their antimicrobial efficacy. In vitro antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, showed highest inhibition rates of 47.09%, 38.49%, and 39.10%, respectively. For antidiabetic activity, the FeNPs exhibited 50.30% inhibition in the α-amylase assay and 54.25% inhibition in the α-glucosidase assay. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed a 37.87% cell viability rate in A549 cell lines, indicating promising anticancer potential. Additionally, the FeNPs achieved a 76% dye degradation rate of methylene blue, highlighting their potential in environmental cleanup applications. This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing FeNPs from <i>V. neilgherrense</i> leaf extract, demonstrating their multifaceted applications in biological and environmental applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles from Vaccinium neilgherrense Leaf Extract: Characterization and Biological Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Govindaraj Bagyalakshmi,
  • Sampath Prakash,
  • Kuppusamy Selvam,
  • Dharamalingam Kirubakaran,
  • Alagarsamy Shanmugarathinam

摘要

Vaccinium neilgherrense, a plant with a rich history of medicinal use, has been explored for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using its leaf extract. The synthesized FeNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, which confirmed their formation with an absorption peak at 318 nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identified 12 functional groups, indicating the involvement of plant metabolites in nanoparticle stabilization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed a crystalline structure, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed rod-shaped morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) in the nanoparticles. Biological evaluations demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the highest zone of inhibition observed against Staphylococcus aureus (11 mm). Biofilm inhibition assays further confirmed their antimicrobial efficacy. In vitro antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, showed highest inhibition rates of 47.09%, 38.49%, and 39.10%, respectively. For antidiabetic activity, the FeNPs exhibited 50.30% inhibition in the α-amylase assay and 54.25% inhibition in the α-glucosidase assay. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed a 37.87% cell viability rate in A549 cell lines, indicating promising anticancer potential. Additionally, the FeNPs achieved a 76% dye degradation rate of methylene blue, highlighting their potential in environmental cleanup applications. This study presents a sustainable approach to synthesizing FeNPs from V. neilgherrense leaf extract, demonstrating their multifaceted applications in biological and environmental applications.

Graphical Abstract