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<p>The integration of biomedical metals in regenerative medicine has evolved from traditional structural support to dynamic participation in tissue regeneration. This review highlights the unique roles and recent advancements of key metallic biomaterials—such as titanium, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt-chromium, iron, and zinc—focusing on their intrinsic properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity that make them indispensable in regenerative applications. Unlike conventional materials, these metals can actively influence cellular behaviors, modulate immune responses, and promote osseointegration and vascularization. Emphasis is placed on cutting-edge strategies such as nano structuring, hybrid composite development, and graphene functionalization, which significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and biological interactions of metallic implants. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive examination of emerging bioinspired and smart biometals with self-healing and stimuli-responsive capabilities, as well as the convergence of AI-driven material design and 3D bioprinting for personalized regenerative therapies. By addressing current limitations—including biodegradability, immune tolerance, and clinical scalability—this review outlines a transformative vision for next-generation metallic biomaterials poised to revolutionize the future of regenerative medicine.</p>

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Comprehensive Review of Biomedical Metals and Strategies for Advancing Regenerative Medicine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Karthik K. Karunakar,
  • Binoy Varghese Cheriyan,
  • J. Nandhini,
  • Kunal Kataria,
  • Lincy Yabase,
  • P. Devan,
  • M. Suresh Kannan

摘要

The integration of biomedical metals in regenerative medicine has evolved from traditional structural support to dynamic participation in tissue regeneration. This review highlights the unique roles and recent advancements of key metallic biomaterials—such as titanium, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt-chromium, iron, and zinc—focusing on their intrinsic properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity that make them indispensable in regenerative applications. Unlike conventional materials, these metals can actively influence cellular behaviors, modulate immune responses, and promote osseointegration and vascularization. Emphasis is placed on cutting-edge strategies such as nano structuring, hybrid composite development, and graphene functionalization, which significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and biological interactions of metallic implants. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive examination of emerging bioinspired and smart biometals with self-healing and stimuli-responsive capabilities, as well as the convergence of AI-driven material design and 3D bioprinting for personalized regenerative therapies. By addressing current limitations—including biodegradability, immune tolerance, and clinical scalability—this review outlines a transformative vision for next-generation metallic biomaterials poised to revolutionize the future of regenerative medicine.