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<p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most formidable malignancies due to its rapid progression, resistance to conventional therapies, and poor prognosis. Despite current treatment modalities—such as surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy—patient survival typically does not exceed 15&#xa0;months. The advent of nanotechnology, particularly the use of graphene and boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials, has introduced promising avenues for enhancing both diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes. Graphene-based structures, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), exhibit a large surface area, excellent biocompatibility, tunable functional groups, and outstanding electronic properties, rendering them effective for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). Likewise, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) have demonstrated potential in drug encapsulation, radiosensitization, and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). This review critically examines the role of graphene and BN nanomaterials in neuro-oncology, highlighting their biomedical applications and the challenges that must be overcome for successful clinical implementation.</p>

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Nanotechnology in Neuro-Oncology: Evaluating the Potential of Graphene and Boron Nitride Nanostructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

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  • Noura A. A. Ebrahim,
  • Soliman M. A. Soliman,
  • Moamen O. Othman,
  • Rasha A. Salama,
  • Neveen S. Tahoun

摘要

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most formidable malignancies due to its rapid progression, resistance to conventional therapies, and poor prognosis. Despite current treatment modalities—such as surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy—patient survival typically does not exceed 15 months. The advent of nanotechnology, particularly the use of graphene and boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials, has introduced promising avenues for enhancing both diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes. Graphene-based structures, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), exhibit a large surface area, excellent biocompatibility, tunable functional groups, and outstanding electronic properties, rendering them effective for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). Likewise, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) have demonstrated potential in drug encapsulation, radiosensitization, and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). This review critically examines the role of graphene and BN nanomaterials in neuro-oncology, highlighting their biomedical applications and the challenges that must be overcome for successful clinical implementation.