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<p>Wireless communications are rapidly advancing, particularly for smart applications in 5G and 6G networks. Recent research explores biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials for antenna substrates, aiming to balance performance and environmental impact. This study focuses on rectangular microstrip antennas using novel composites based on polymethyl methacrylate with carbon nanotubes (PMMA-CNT) and polybutylene succinate with carbon nanotubes (PBS-CNT) as substrates at 2.4&#xa0;GHz and 5.8&#xa0;GHz frequencies. The designed antennas have compact dimensions (PMMA-CNT: 50.68 × 56 × 2 mm<sup>3</sup> and 23.8 × 46.5 × 2.2 mm<sup>3</sup>; PBS-CNT: 41.95 × 50.5 × 2.2 mm<sup>3</sup> and 20.2 × 39 × 2.2 mm<sup>3</sup>). At 2.4&#xa0;GHz, the PMMA-CNT antenna demonstrates a gain of 4.24 dBi, while PBS-CNT offers 71% efficiency. At 5.8&#xa0;GHz, PMMA-CNT outperforms PBS-CNT with a gain of 5.41 dBi and 71% efficiency, although PBS-CNT has a wider bandwidth. Despite PMMA-CNT's superior performance, PBS-CNT's biopolymer nature suggests promising eco-friendly antenna designs. Furthermore, discussions on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and antenna bending reveal potential implications for emerging eco-friendly wireless devices in medical applications under the Sub-6&#xa0;GHz band.</p>

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Design and Performance Evaluation of Novel Polymers Composites PMMA-CNT and PBS-CNT Eco-Friendly Microstrip Antennas for 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for Medical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月6日

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  • Mohammed El Amine Benbabouche,
  • Mohammed Belkheir,
  • Allel Mokaddem,
  • Mehdi Rouissat,
  • Djamila Ziani,
  • Bendouma Doumi

摘要

Wireless communications are rapidly advancing, particularly for smart applications in 5G and 6G networks. Recent research explores biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials for antenna substrates, aiming to balance performance and environmental impact. This study focuses on rectangular microstrip antennas using novel composites based on polymethyl methacrylate with carbon nanotubes (PMMA-CNT) and polybutylene succinate with carbon nanotubes (PBS-CNT) as substrates at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequencies. The designed antennas have compact dimensions (PMMA-CNT: 50.68 × 56 × 2 mm3 and 23.8 × 46.5 × 2.2 mm3; PBS-CNT: 41.95 × 50.5 × 2.2 mm3 and 20.2 × 39 × 2.2 mm3). At 2.4 GHz, the PMMA-CNT antenna demonstrates a gain of 4.24 dBi, while PBS-CNT offers 71% efficiency. At 5.8 GHz, PMMA-CNT outperforms PBS-CNT with a gain of 5.41 dBi and 71% efficiency, although PBS-CNT has a wider bandwidth. Despite PMMA-CNT's superior performance, PBS-CNT's biopolymer nature suggests promising eco-friendly antenna designs. Furthermore, discussions on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and antenna bending reveal potential implications for emerging eco-friendly wireless devices in medical applications under the Sub-6 GHz band.