Green Approach for the Purification of the Bioactive Compound Saponin from the Root Extract of Argemone mexicana and the Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activities
摘要
Saponin is a chemical compound that has pharmacological properties. It has been shown to have various biomedical applications and has been used for a long time to treat illnesses caused by infectious agents. This study extracted saponin from the Argemone mexicana L. root and investigated it for various biomedical properties. Saponin was found to be a strong antioxidant for DPPH (82.3 ± 1.92%), ABTS (94.1 ± 1.83%), and hydroxyl radicals (66.1 ± 1.46%). Saponin showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The maximum inhibition zone in Gram-positive bacteria was Enterococcus faecalis (22.7 ± 1.41 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.4 ± 1.33 mm) and in Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (23.3 ± 1.42 mm) exhibited maximum inhibition, followed by Salmonella typhi (21.1 ± 1.23 mm). The antifungal activity of saponin showed various fungal pathogens of Candida albicans (20.5 ± 1.38 mm) showed better results than Candida tropicalis (18.6 ± 1.25 mm). Saponin has a higher level of anti-inflammatory activity. IC50 values of albumin denaturation were 36.21 µg/mL and membrane stabilization 65.70 µg/mL. Furthermore, Saponin exhibited potential anticancer properties. In HT29 colon cancer cell lines, it showed good inhibition with an IC50 value of 48.4 µg/mL. Saponin obtained from A. mexicana root shows high antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity and has potential in biomedical applications.