Developments in Microfluidic Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices for DNA Biosensing Towards Unifying the Emergence of Nanobiosensor

In recent decades, the demand for microfluidic and nanofluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices has significantly increased, particularly for medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring of pathogenic agents at the point of care (POC). By integrating microfluidics with biosensing technologies, these systems offer precise control over nano-litre volumes, enabling the execution of multiple bioassays on a compact, portable platform. This innovative approach is transforming high-throughput diagnostics through the development of portable LOC devices that allow rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of a wide range of diseases. These devices combine multiple bioassay processes and provide optimal fluid control at the nano-litre scale, facilitating the swift detection of pathogens for environmental surveillance. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of the critical need for LOC devices with user-friendly interfaces, high sensitivity, quick response times, portability, and reliability, highlighting their potential as valuable tools in the ongoing efforts to detect and manage infectious diseases.