Unrevealing Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Laggera alata Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Anti-Diabetic Properties

Laggera alata plants have emerged as a valuable resource in biomedicine. In this study, we present an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using various techniques, including UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and Zeta potential analysis. UV–Vis analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnONPs with a distinct absorption peak at 372 nm. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various functional groups, while XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. SEM images showed a spherical morphology, and EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen. The Zeta potential was measured at − 23 mV, indicating stable nanoparticle dispersion. The ZnONPs exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 13 mm against S. aureus and 9 mm against E. coli. Their antioxidant potential was demonstrated through multiple assays, including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and SOD. Additionally, we explored the anticholinergic and antidiabetic properties of these nanoparticles, highlighting their promising therapeutic potential. This study presents a novel approach to utilizing ZnONPs from L. alata as effective agents with antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinergic and antidiabetic properties. These findings pave the way for further research and development of medical applications.