<p>Tri (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), a halogenated organophosphorus compound, is extensively utilized as an additive flame retardant (FR) in numerous consumer products, including furniture, electronics, and textiles. Notably, TDCIPP exhibits exceptional persistence in environmental matrices such as indoor dust and aquatic systems, where it resists degradation and accumulates over time, posing long-term ecological and health risks. Given its widespread application, it is imperative to thoroughly investigate the risks associated with TDCIPP and its metabolites, particularly their effects on biological systems and human health. This article comprehensively summarizes the relevant research on TDCIPP, encompassing its environmental occurrence, fate, and toxicity in both organisms and humans. TDCIPP is frequently detected in various environmental media and has been shown to pose significant risks to animals, including neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and adverse effects on development, reproduction, liver function, genotoxicity, and gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, human epidemiological studies have associated TDCIPP exposure with cancer, reproductive disorders, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to deepen our understanding of TDCIPP’s environmental behavior and to offer critical insights into its effects on both animal and human health.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>