Purpose of review <p>It is to synthesize recent advances in microengineered in vitro models of the rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment and evaluate their potential to better recapitulate physiological joint conditions.</p> Recent findings <p>It discusses current limitations and future directions for improving translational relevance in RA research. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a slow-progressive inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and joint degradation, leading to joint destruction and poor quality of life for patients. Although numerous in vitro models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been developed to study disease mechanisms and test therapies, their translational value is limited. Most fail to replicate key features of the in vivo synovial joint, such as its cellular diversity, biomechanical forces, and dynamic cell–matrix interactions. This translational gap underscores the need for advanced 3D microengineered platforms that integrate patient-specific cells, biomechanical elements, and real-time biosensing to bridge in vitro findings to clinical outcomes. Recent progress in microengineering has enabled the development of systems that closely mimic the physiological and pathological conditions of the RA synovial membrane in vitro.</p> Summary <p>This review highlights recent progress in microengineered synovial models and their applications in elucidating RA pathogenesis and seeking therapeutic interventions. We also introduce persisting technical and biological challenges, and emerging trajectories for innovation within this rapidly advancing discipline.</p>