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<p>Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 40% of all lung cancer cases. The development of 3D in vitro cancer models offers better replication of the native tumour microenvironment, facilitating patient-specific drug screening and therapeutic evaluation. However, conventional extrusion printing approaches are limited in fabricating functional vascularized tissue models for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modelling, owing to restrictions caused by gravity &amp; structural complexities. In this study, we employ embedded bioprinting to fabricate self-supporting biomimetic LUAD with intricate geometries. A low-viscosity bioink comprising polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) &amp; gelatin was extruded into a xanthan gum support bath, which exhibited pseudoplastic and shear-thinning behaviour to overcome the gravitational and overhang limitations of standard extrusion printing. Gelatin offers biomimetic cell-binding motifs, while PEGDA has been widely employed to enhance mechanical stability and tunable stiffness with photocrosslinking. Rheological analysis confirmed shear-thinning and recovery properties of the support bath system. In vitro assessments further demonstrated the cytocompatibility of both the printed construct and the support bath. This approach highlights the feasibility of engineering physiologically relevant in vitro LUAD models, presenting a promising alternative to animal models for preclinical screening of therapeutics and personalised medicine applications.</p>

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Development of a low viscosity PEGDA - gelatin bioink for embedded bioprinting of complex structures and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Aiswarya Ganapathisankarakrishnan,
  • Dona Shaji,
  • Amrutha Krishnamoorthy,
  • Swaminathan Sethuraman,
  • Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi

摘要

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 40% of all lung cancer cases. The development of 3D in vitro cancer models offers better replication of the native tumour microenvironment, facilitating patient-specific drug screening and therapeutic evaluation. However, conventional extrusion printing approaches are limited in fabricating functional vascularized tissue models for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modelling, owing to restrictions caused by gravity & structural complexities. In this study, we employ embedded bioprinting to fabricate self-supporting biomimetic LUAD with intricate geometries. A low-viscosity bioink comprising polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) & gelatin was extruded into a xanthan gum support bath, which exhibited pseudoplastic and shear-thinning behaviour to overcome the gravitational and overhang limitations of standard extrusion printing. Gelatin offers biomimetic cell-binding motifs, while PEGDA has been widely employed to enhance mechanical stability and tunable stiffness with photocrosslinking. Rheological analysis confirmed shear-thinning and recovery properties of the support bath system. In vitro assessments further demonstrated the cytocompatibility of both the printed construct and the support bath. This approach highlights the feasibility of engineering physiologically relevant in vitro LUAD models, presenting a promising alternative to animal models for preclinical screening of therapeutics and personalised medicine applications.