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Purpose <p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that, despite its high global incidence, still lacks effective treatments capable of altering its course. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation (PBM, 660&#xa0;nm) in a three-dimensional (3D) neuronal model of AD induced by oxidative stress. We sought to determine whether PBM could attenuate cellular damage, reduce oxidative imbalance, and preserve neuronal morphology under AD-like conditions.</p> Methods <p>A previously validated 3D neuronal model of AD, based on differentiated SH-SY5Y spheroids stressed with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (200 µM, 1&#xa0;h), was used. Spheroids were assigned to four experimental groups (Control, PBM, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+PBM). PBM was performed by 660&#xa0;nm LED irradiation (3&#xa0;J/cm²). Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and neuronal morphology were assessed.</p> Results <p>PBM increased cell viability in both control and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-exposed spheroids, with partial recovery of metabolic activity following oxidative injury. Intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced by PBM, indicating attenuation of the oxidative imbalance. Morphological evaluation showed partial preservation of neuronal architecture, with PBM reducing nuclear and structural disruptions characteristic of oxidative stress.</p> Conclusion <p>PBM attenuated oxidative damage in a 3D model of AD, by increasing cell viability, reducing intracellular ROS, and partially preserving neuronal morphology. These findings support PBM as a promising adjuvant therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative conditions and reinforce the relevance of 3D neuronal spheroids as a platform for in vitro AD research.</p>

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Neurotherapeutic potential of photobiomodulation in a 3D Model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by oxidative stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Luiza de Andrade Giraldi,
  • Geisa Rodrigues Salles,
  • Erick José Nogueira de Andrade,
  • Cristina Pacheco-Soares

摘要

Purpose

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that, despite its high global incidence, still lacks effective treatments capable of altering its course. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation (PBM, 660 nm) in a three-dimensional (3D) neuronal model of AD induced by oxidative stress. We sought to determine whether PBM could attenuate cellular damage, reduce oxidative imbalance, and preserve neuronal morphology under AD-like conditions.

Methods

A previously validated 3D neuronal model of AD, based on differentiated SH-SY5Y spheroids stressed with H2O2 (200 µM, 1 h), was used. Spheroids were assigned to four experimental groups (Control, PBM, H2O2, H2O2+PBM). PBM was performed by 660 nm LED irradiation (3 J/cm²). Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and neuronal morphology were assessed.

Results

PBM increased cell viability in both control and H2O2-exposed spheroids, with partial recovery of metabolic activity following oxidative injury. Intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced by PBM, indicating attenuation of the oxidative imbalance. Morphological evaluation showed partial preservation of neuronal architecture, with PBM reducing nuclear and structural disruptions characteristic of oxidative stress.

Conclusion

PBM attenuated oxidative damage in a 3D model of AD, by increasing cell viability, reducing intracellular ROS, and partially preserving neuronal morphology. These findings support PBM as a promising adjuvant therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative conditions and reinforce the relevance of 3D neuronal spheroids as a platform for in vitro AD research.