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Purpose <p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as an innovative alternative in therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment due to their cytotoxic potential; however, carbonated AgNPs (cAgNPs) remain poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cAgNPs on the viability and morphology of A549 cells.</p> Methods <p>cAgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A549 cells were exposed to different concentrations of cAgNPs, and viability and morphological changes were assessed using the MTT assay, light microscopy, and nuclear morphometry.</p> Results <p>Physicochemical characterization showed that the aqueous cAgNP suspension did not exhibit the typical AgNP color or an absorbance peak near 400&#xa0;nm, likely due to the carbon-based coating. TEM images revealed particles with a core-shell-like structure and aggregated formations, while XPS confirmed the presence of Ag, O, and C on the surface. Cell viability decreased at 2.1&#xa0;µg/mL after 24&#xa0;h and 3.14&#xa0;µg/mL after 48&#xa0;h. Morphological alterations, such as cell rounding and loss of adhesion, were observed. Nuclear morphometry indicated changes in nuclear area and perimeter at concentrations of 0.67 and 2.14&#xa0;µg/mL. The cell death assay demonstrated increased membrane permeability following exposure.</p> Conclusion <p>cAgNPs exerted cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, reducing viability, inducing morphological alterations, and promoting indicators of cell death, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment.</p>

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Carbonated silver nanoparticles reduce cell viability and induce nuclear damage in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Júlia Mendes,
  • Fernanda Sias,
  • Joyce Araujo,
  • Nathalia Müller,
  • Celso Sant’Anna

摘要

Purpose

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as an innovative alternative in therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment due to their cytotoxic potential; however, carbonated AgNPs (cAgNPs) remain poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cAgNPs on the viability and morphology of A549 cells.

Methods

cAgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A549 cells were exposed to different concentrations of cAgNPs, and viability and morphological changes were assessed using the MTT assay, light microscopy, and nuclear morphometry.

Results

Physicochemical characterization showed that the aqueous cAgNP suspension did not exhibit the typical AgNP color or an absorbance peak near 400 nm, likely due to the carbon-based coating. TEM images revealed particles with a core-shell-like structure and aggregated formations, while XPS confirmed the presence of Ag, O, and C on the surface. Cell viability decreased at 2.1 µg/mL after 24 h and 3.14 µg/mL after 48 h. Morphological alterations, such as cell rounding and loss of adhesion, were observed. Nuclear morphometry indicated changes in nuclear area and perimeter at concentrations of 0.67 and 2.14 µg/mL. The cell death assay demonstrated increased membrane permeability following exposure.

Conclusion

cAgNPs exerted cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, reducing viability, inducing morphological alterations, and promoting indicators of cell death, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment.