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<p>The worldwide move toward more liberal sexual practices has created notable challenges across multiple areas of life, particularly in reproductive health and the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Up to March 2025, 22% of the national HIV cases were among MSM, and 19.3% of young MSM had STIs. This review aims to identify and synthesize the key behavioural, social, cultural, and structural factors associated with the transmission and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Indonesia. The databases were searched using the keywords: sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted infections, young people, social media, pornography, sexual violence, and Indonesia, from 1999 to 2024. Seventy-seven studies were selected. This research indicated that historically, traditional practices in Indonesia have already involved forms of sexual permissiveness and carried a high likelihood of transmission of STIs. The rise in reported cases of STIs can be partially attributed to improved understanding, more effective case detection, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. However, limited public awareness and a lack of regulation around risky sexual behaviour contribute to low protection use and unintentional transmission within relationships. These issues are further intensified by social media, which expands access to sexual partners and facilitates the spread of STIs through unprotected encounters. A multi-faceted approach that combines education, healthcare access, and community engagement is key to reducing transmission and protecting public health.</p>

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Moving towards liberal sexual practices and the challenges for sexually transmitted infection prevention and intervention in indonesia: a narrative review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Wienta Diarsvitri,
  • Aline Lefebvre,
  • Mireille Cosquer,
  • Azimatul Karimah,
  • Linda Dewanti,
  • Lilik Djuari,
  • Izzatul Fithriyah

摘要

The worldwide move toward more liberal sexual practices has created notable challenges across multiple areas of life, particularly in reproductive health and the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Up to March 2025, 22% of the national HIV cases were among MSM, and 19.3% of young MSM had STIs. This review aims to identify and synthesize the key behavioural, social, cultural, and structural factors associated with the transmission and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Indonesia. The databases were searched using the keywords: sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted infections, young people, social media, pornography, sexual violence, and Indonesia, from 1999 to 2024. Seventy-seven studies were selected. This research indicated that historically, traditional practices in Indonesia have already involved forms of sexual permissiveness and carried a high likelihood of transmission of STIs. The rise in reported cases of STIs can be partially attributed to improved understanding, more effective case detection, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. However, limited public awareness and a lack of regulation around risky sexual behaviour contribute to low protection use and unintentional transmission within relationships. These issues are further intensified by social media, which expands access to sexual partners and facilitates the spread of STIs through unprotected encounters. A multi-faceted approach that combines education, healthcare access, and community engagement is key to reducing transmission and protecting public health.