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Background <p>Community Gathering Places (CGPs) are a key population strategy in Japan’s healthy aging policy. However, evidence remains limited regarding their effects on frequency and content.</p> Methods <p>We included 1108 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥ 65&#xa0;years) in Nishiwaki City, Japan, who responded to two surveys in 2022 and 2023. Nishiwaki City, a semi-rural municipality in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We linked two survey waves and attendance records to create a three-timepoint dataset. We used linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) to examine associations between CGPs participation and two outcomes: (1) functional disability prediction scores (range: 0–48) and (2) happiness (range: 0–10). We conducted subgroup and E-value analyses to test robustness and equity-related patterns.</p> Results <p>Among them, 269 (24.2%) participated monthly in CGPs. Monthly CGPs participants showed lower disability prediction scores (<i>B</i> = − 0.82; 95% CI − 1.35 to − 0.29) and higher happiness (<i>B</i> = 0.48; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.78) than non-participants. PSM results were consistent. Higher frequency of participation correlated with lower disability scores and greater happiness. Only CGPs that offered both exercise and tea gathering showed a positive association with happiness. Subgroup analyses showed no clear effect modification, although CGPs tended to narrow income-based disparities.</p> Conclusions <p>Local governments can use attendance records and early indicators such as the functional disability prediction scores and happiness to monitor and improve CGPs as part of their healthy aging strategies.</p>

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Community gathering places participation and later functional disability and happiness among older adults in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Kazushige Ide,
  • Ryota Watanabe,
  • Masashige Saito,
  • Kenjiro Kawaguchi,
  • Kiyomi Matsumura,
  • Katsunori Kondo,
  • Atsushi Nakagomi

摘要

Background

Community Gathering Places (CGPs) are a key population strategy in Japan’s healthy aging policy. However, evidence remains limited regarding their effects on frequency and content.

Methods

We included 1108 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) in Nishiwaki City, Japan, who responded to two surveys in 2022 and 2023. Nishiwaki City, a semi-rural municipality in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. We linked two survey waves and attendance records to create a three-timepoint dataset. We used linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) to examine associations between CGPs participation and two outcomes: (1) functional disability prediction scores (range: 0–48) and (2) happiness (range: 0–10). We conducted subgroup and E-value analyses to test robustness and equity-related patterns.

Results

Among them, 269 (24.2%) participated monthly in CGPs. Monthly CGPs participants showed lower disability prediction scores (B = − 0.82; 95% CI − 1.35 to − 0.29) and higher happiness (B = 0.48; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.78) than non-participants. PSM results were consistent. Higher frequency of participation correlated with lower disability scores and greater happiness. Only CGPs that offered both exercise and tea gathering showed a positive association with happiness. Subgroup analyses showed no clear effect modification, although CGPs tended to narrow income-based disparities.

Conclusions

Local governments can use attendance records and early indicators such as the functional disability prediction scores and happiness to monitor and improve CGPs as part of their healthy aging strategies.