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<p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critical to the advancement of sustainable transportation, particularly in electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, their performance and safety are highly dependent on maintaining stable thermal conditions, especially under high power demands. To address this challenge, this study presents a nanofluid-based battery thermal management system for a 18650 Li-ion battery pack (composed of 24 cells) as a replacement for the conventional air-cooling system. A three-dimensional model of the battery pack was developed and validated against an existing air-cooled configuration from the literature. Then, silver (Ag) nanoparticle-based nanofluids at volume fractions (VF) of 0.25% and 0.50% were applied into the designed battery model and their thermal management performance was compared with conventional air- and water-cooling systems. The simulation results showed that using a 0.50% VF Ag-nanofluid has reduced the maximum battery pack temperature to 29.677&#xa0;°C, representing a significant 30.2% decrease compared to conventional air cooling (42.548&#xa0;°C) and a slight improvement over water cooling (29.817&#xa0;°C). This approach also ensured a more uniform temperature distribution across the pack and minimized thermal gradients. Further analysis was carried out to examine the thermal management performance of Ag nanofluids under varying ambient temperatures (T<sub>amb</sub> = 10&#xa0;°C, 26&#xa0;°C, and 35&#xa0;°C) and inlet coolant flow velocities and the obtained results have also been discussed in detail.</p>

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Silver nanoparticle-based nanofluid vs. conventional cooling approach: a comparative study on thermal management in lithium-ion battery packs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Anitha Dhanasekaran,
  • Yathavan Subramanian,
  • Rajkumar Dhanasekaran,
  • Ramesh Kumar Gubendiran,
  • Lukman Ahmed Omeiza,
  • Muhammed Ali SA,
  • Veena Raj,
  • Hayati Yassin,
  • Abul K. Azad

摘要

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critical to the advancement of sustainable transportation, particularly in electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, their performance and safety are highly dependent on maintaining stable thermal conditions, especially under high power demands. To address this challenge, this study presents a nanofluid-based battery thermal management system for a 18650 Li-ion battery pack (composed of 24 cells) as a replacement for the conventional air-cooling system. A three-dimensional model of the battery pack was developed and validated against an existing air-cooled configuration from the literature. Then, silver (Ag) nanoparticle-based nanofluids at volume fractions (VF) of 0.25% and 0.50% were applied into the designed battery model and their thermal management performance was compared with conventional air- and water-cooling systems. The simulation results showed that using a 0.50% VF Ag-nanofluid has reduced the maximum battery pack temperature to 29.677 °C, representing a significant 30.2% decrease compared to conventional air cooling (42.548 °C) and a slight improvement over water cooling (29.817 °C). This approach also ensured a more uniform temperature distribution across the pack and minimized thermal gradients. Further analysis was carried out to examine the thermal management performance of Ag nanofluids under varying ambient temperatures (Tamb = 10 °C, 26 °C, and 35 °C) and inlet coolant flow velocities and the obtained results have also been discussed in detail.