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<p>Mina Valley is a key holy site that pilgrims visit during the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Located in the heart of Makkah, it holds significant religious importance. Mina is situated in a narrow valley surrounded by mountains and covers an area of 46.3&#xa0;km<sup>2</sup>. This study aims to utilize GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to investigate and analyze Mina Valley’s terrain and land use over the past 40&#xa0;years, from 1984 to 2024. The goal is to support future sustainable development and enhance flood protection efforts. The data used in this study consists of satellite images from Landsat 8 and Landsat 9, specifically from the Collection 2 Level 1 dataset produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Satellite images from 1984, 2003, and 2024 were collected and analyzed using ARC/GIS version 10.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE version 14 software. The study produced land use maps for the three time periods, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and a slope map of Mina Valley. The results indicate that many older apartment buildings in Mina have been demolished and replaced with modern high-rise complexes. These new developments now feature hospitals, shopping malls, prayer halls, and transportation hubs. Additionally, they incorporate sustainability efforts, such as renewable energy sources and water conservation measures. The study also found that flood-prone areas are located in the lowlands to the southeast, which are particularly vulnerable to flooding and torrents.</p>

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Urban analysis with GIS and remote sensing techniques to aid the development process: a case study Mina Valley, Mecca, KSA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Tarek A. Eldamaty

摘要

Mina Valley is a key holy site that pilgrims visit during the Hajj season in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Located in the heart of Makkah, it holds significant religious importance. Mina is situated in a narrow valley surrounded by mountains and covers an area of 46.3 km2. This study aims to utilize GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to investigate and analyze Mina Valley’s terrain and land use over the past 40 years, from 1984 to 2024. The goal is to support future sustainable development and enhance flood protection efforts. The data used in this study consists of satellite images from Landsat 8 and Landsat 9, specifically from the Collection 2 Level 1 dataset produced by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Satellite images from 1984, 2003, and 2024 were collected and analyzed using ARC/GIS version 10.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE version 14 software. The study produced land use maps for the three time periods, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and a slope map of Mina Valley. The results indicate that many older apartment buildings in Mina have been demolished and replaced with modern high-rise complexes. These new developments now feature hospitals, shopping malls, prayer halls, and transportation hubs. Additionally, they incorporate sustainability efforts, such as renewable energy sources and water conservation measures. The study also found that flood-prone areas are located in the lowlands to the southeast, which are particularly vulnerable to flooding and torrents.