Assessing groundwater vulnerability to contamination using the SINTACS model and GIS: a case study at Akoon, Tarkwa-Ghana
摘要
Even though groundwater constitutes the main water supply sources, it is fraught with challenges of water quality issues such as groundwater contamination in which most of these contaminants are external in origin. Groundwater has been treated as an important source of water supply due to relatively low vulnerability to contamination compared to surface waters. Groundwater in hard- rock aquifers, particularly in mining areas are known to be vulnerable to quality problems that may have serious impact on the human health as reported by Smedley et al. (in: British Geological Survey, Technical Report, WC/95/43. p 122, 1995). For the purpose of this study, the most widely used method for delineating areas where groundwater is more vulnerable to contamination is used which is the SINTACS model with the integration of a computerbased GIS. The SINTACS model uses seven environmental parameters to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate the aquifer vulnerability to contamination. In this study the SINTACS model was applied to a part of Tarkwa specifically at Akoon to generate a vulnerability map for the area. The whole area was classified as medium, high and very high vulnerability zones which were characterized by the rock types of Tarkwa phyllite, Huni sandstone and the Banket series respectively. This suggests that boreholes within the Banket series which is mainly dominated by quartzite is more vulnerable to contamination. From the analysis, depth to water table and effective infiltration inflicted the greatest impact on the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer.