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<p>The mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-treated pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced epoxy (PLF/Ep) composites are investigated in this work in relation to silane-modified tourmaline (Tln). Composites were fabricated using hand lay-up and compression molding with five levels of Tln filler. The Tln addition aimed to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the PLF/Ep system. The composite with 8 wt% Tln showed optimal performance, achieving a tensile strength of 60&#xa0;MPa, a tensile modulus of 5 GPa, and improvements of 49% in flexural strength, 68% in impact strength, and 43% in fracture toughness compared to the unfilled composite. SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses support these improvements, which are ascribed to improved interfacial bonding and more uniform filler dispersion. Tln adds Si–O–Si/Si–O–C bands and additional crystalline peaks between 22.65° and 44.62°, improving interfacial adhesion and crystallinity. FTIR and XRD results show that NaOH effectively removes amorphous hemicellulose and lignin, as evidenced by attenuated bands at 1508–1470&#xa0;cm⁻¹ and sharpening of the cellulose peak near 22°. At 8 wt% Tln, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed improved fiber–matrix adhesion, uniform filler dispersion, and reinforcement through fiber pull-out and crack bridging, while higher loadings caused agglomeration and reduced properties. The optimized Tln content makes alkali-treated PLF composites promising for sustainable, lightweight structural and automotive applications.</p>

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Synergistic enhancement of epoxy composites via alkali treated pineapple leaf fabric and silane-modified tourmaline filler: structure–property performance correlations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Amoghavarsha,
  • Boraiah Sarala Jayashankar Babu,
  • Panakanahally Shivaramu Lakshmi,
  • Bheemappa Suresha

摘要

The mechanical and thermal properties of alkali-treated pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced epoxy (PLF/Ep) composites are investigated in this work in relation to silane-modified tourmaline (Tln). Composites were fabricated using hand lay-up and compression molding with five levels of Tln filler. The Tln addition aimed to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the PLF/Ep system. The composite with 8 wt% Tln showed optimal performance, achieving a tensile strength of 60 MPa, a tensile modulus of 5 GPa, and improvements of 49% in flexural strength, 68% in impact strength, and 43% in fracture toughness compared to the unfilled composite. SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses support these improvements, which are ascribed to improved interfacial bonding and more uniform filler dispersion. Tln adds Si–O–Si/Si–O–C bands and additional crystalline peaks between 22.65° and 44.62°, improving interfacial adhesion and crystallinity. FTIR and XRD results show that NaOH effectively removes amorphous hemicellulose and lignin, as evidenced by attenuated bands at 1508–1470 cm⁻¹ and sharpening of the cellulose peak near 22°. At 8 wt% Tln, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed improved fiber–matrix adhesion, uniform filler dispersion, and reinforcement through fiber pull-out and crack bridging, while higher loadings caused agglomeration and reduced properties. The optimized Tln content makes alkali-treated PLF composites promising for sustainable, lightweight structural and automotive applications.