<p>In this paper, we conduct a numerical study of the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem using the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Galerkin method. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental properties of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> methodology and its advantages. The solution is expressed as a finite expansion in terms of composite translated <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> functions, whose coefficients are subsequently determined. We started by expressing the original Sturm–Liouville problem in a bilinear form relative to a predefined basis, namely the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> basis, with corresponding coefficients that can be determined. We then represented this bilinear form using a set of suitable integrals. Finally, conformal mapping and its inverse were systematically evaluated at <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> grid points by employing the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> quadrature rule. We find that the result in error converges exponentially to zero. Three test cases with applications in the physical sciences were used to demonstrate the methodology. The findings demonstrate that the approach is highly effective, practical, and applicable to a wide range of issues. The study demonstrates that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {sinc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>sinc</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Galerkin has an accuracy of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43994_2025_249_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {O}(\exp (-c \sqrt{N}))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>exp</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <msqrt> <mi>N</mi> </msqrt> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and rapidly converges to the exact solution.</p>

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Sinc-galerkin method for Sturm–Liouville problem with applications in quantum mechanics

  • Adel Almalki

摘要

In this paper, we conduct a numerical study of the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem using the \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc -Galerkin method. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental properties of \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc methodology and its advantages. The solution is expressed as a finite expansion in terms of composite translated \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc functions, whose coefficients are subsequently determined. We started by expressing the original Sturm–Liouville problem in a bilinear form relative to a predefined basis, namely the \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc basis, with corresponding coefficients that can be determined. We then represented this bilinear form using a set of suitable integrals. Finally, conformal mapping and its inverse were systematically evaluated at \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc grid points by employing the \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc quadrature rule. We find that the result in error converges exponentially to zero. Three test cases with applications in the physical sciences were used to demonstrate the methodology. The findings demonstrate that the approach is highly effective, practical, and applicable to a wide range of issues. The study demonstrates that \(\operatorname {sinc}\) sinc -Galerkin has an accuracy of order \(\mathcal {O}(\exp (-c \sqrt{N}))\) O ( exp ( - c N ) ) and rapidly converges to the exact solution.