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<p>This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biological performance of magnetite-silver composites as alternative antimicrobial agents, addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. Silver particles are well-known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while magnetite offers biocompatibility and the potential to enhance silver deposition. Three different synthesis methods were employed: solvothermal, microwave-assisted solvothermal, and microwave-assisted solvothermal with initial load pressure, to optimize the size, morphology, and silver distribution on the magnetite surface. Magnetite-to-silver molar ratios were varied (1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:1) to fine-tune the antimicrobial and biocompatibility properties. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM analysis revealed average particle sizes of 214.94 ± 57.43&#xa0;nm for solvothermal synthesis and 98.20 ± 23.49&#xa0;nm for microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment, while microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis with initial load pressure exhibited a bimodal particle size distribution. Quantitative EDX analysis showed that the Ag content increased with increasing Ag precursor concentration, reaching 57.35 ± 4.40% in the MST 1:1 sample. In vitro biological testing, including cell viability and antimicrobial activity, demonstrated that the composites derived from the microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis exhibited the optimal balance between antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility. The results suggest that magnetite-silver composites, when synthesized with optimized parameters, offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.</p>

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Comparative analysis of synthesis parameters for magnetite-silver composites in antibacterial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Cristina Chircov,
  • Adrian Moraru,
  • Cornelia-Ioana Ilie,
  • Bogdan Stefan Vasile,
  • Vladimir-Lucian Ene

摘要

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biological performance of magnetite-silver composites as alternative antimicrobial agents, addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. Silver particles are well-known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while magnetite offers biocompatibility and the potential to enhance silver deposition. Three different synthesis methods were employed: solvothermal, microwave-assisted solvothermal, and microwave-assisted solvothermal with initial load pressure, to optimize the size, morphology, and silver distribution on the magnetite surface. Magnetite-to-silver molar ratios were varied (1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:1) to fine-tune the antimicrobial and biocompatibility properties. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM analysis revealed average particle sizes of 214.94 ± 57.43 nm for solvothermal synthesis and 98.20 ± 23.49 nm for microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment, while microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis with initial load pressure exhibited a bimodal particle size distribution. Quantitative EDX analysis showed that the Ag content increased with increasing Ag precursor concentration, reaching 57.35 ± 4.40% in the MST 1:1 sample. In vitro biological testing, including cell viability and antimicrobial activity, demonstrated that the composites derived from the microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis exhibited the optimal balance between antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility. The results suggest that magnetite-silver composites, when synthesized with optimized parameters, offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.