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<p>The increasing frequency of viral outbreaks has intensified the demand for advanced antiviral materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). This review examines recent advances in green engineered bioactive medicated fabrics, focusing on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanofibres incorporating herbal antiviral agents and biosurfactants. These sustainable components have shown 90-99.9% viral reduction, but challenges persist in durability, sustainability, and long term antiviral persistence. Unlike prior studies that assess components independently, this review critically evaluates their synergistic antiviral mechanisms within electrospun systems. Biosurfactants enhance solubility, stability and inherent antiviral properties while herbal formulations facilitate controlled release and sustainable activity. Metal based nanoparticles dominate current research, but biobased alternatives demonstrate comparable efficiencies (85–98% reduction) with improved environmental compatibility. Key gaps include inadequate durability testing and scalability assessments. By synthesizing performance matrices and identifying these gaps, this review outlines future research directions for sustainable antiviral PPE technologies, strengthening health preparedness against viral threats. This integrated evaluation of green engineered bioactive medicated fabrics highlights promising strategies for the development of next generation sustainable antiviral PPE technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Polyhydroxyalkanoate based bioactive electrospun medicated fabrics incorporating herbal antivirals and biosurfactants for sustainable viral defense

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Mousumi Debnath,
  • Siddhi Joshi,
  • Prerna Juneja,
  • Yash Kumar Mittal,
  • Yogesh R. G. Singh,
  • Sandip Patil

摘要

The increasing frequency of viral outbreaks has intensified the demand for advanced antiviral materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). This review examines recent advances in green engineered bioactive medicated fabrics, focusing on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanofibres incorporating herbal antiviral agents and biosurfactants. These sustainable components have shown 90-99.9% viral reduction, but challenges persist in durability, sustainability, and long term antiviral persistence. Unlike prior studies that assess components independently, this review critically evaluates their synergistic antiviral mechanisms within electrospun systems. Biosurfactants enhance solubility, stability and inherent antiviral properties while herbal formulations facilitate controlled release and sustainable activity. Metal based nanoparticles dominate current research, but biobased alternatives demonstrate comparable efficiencies (85–98% reduction) with improved environmental compatibility. Key gaps include inadequate durability testing and scalability assessments. By synthesizing performance matrices and identifying these gaps, this review outlines future research directions for sustainable antiviral PPE technologies, strengthening health preparedness against viral threats. This integrated evaluation of green engineered bioactive medicated fabrics highlights promising strategies for the development of next generation sustainable antiviral PPE technologies.

Graphical Abstract