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<p>This study explores the green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles for their potential to enhance growth and yield in paddy. Spinach extract and paddy husk were utilized as sustainable bioresources for synthesizing nano-ZnO and SiO₂, respectively. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with an average size of 25.45&#xa0;nm and high chemical purity (98–99%). Pot experiments were conducted with different nanoparticle concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 ppm), applied during the tillering and panicle initiation stages. Growth responses were most favorable at 50 and 70 ppm, recording the highest tiller numbers per hill (5.93, 15.70, and 18.60), improved SPAD values (32.67 and 41.20), and increased leaf area (527.30, 930.95, and 838.13&#xa0;cm² per plant) at 50 DAS, 70 DAS, and harvest, respectively. Yield attributes followed a similar pattern, with 70 ppm nano-ZnO producing the greatest panicle weight (4.35&#xa0;g), number of panicles per hill (17.26), grain yield per pot (35.42&#xa0;g), and straw yield per pot (42.50&#xa0;g). Nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Zn, and Si were also significantly enhanced under this treatment. These results confirm that green-synthesized nanoparticles improve nutrient uptake efficiency, thereby increasing growth and yield in paddy cultivation.</p>

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Biogenic zinc oxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles derived from spinach and paddy husk for enhanced rice cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Ramarao,
  • B. K. Desai,
  • M. A. Basavanneppa,
  • K. Narayanrao,
  • N. Pruthviraj,
  • H. Sharanagouda,
  • Y. M. Ramesha,
  • Anjanapura V. Raghu

摘要

This study explores the green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles for their potential to enhance growth and yield in paddy. Spinach extract and paddy husk were utilized as sustainable bioresources for synthesizing nano-ZnO and SiO₂, respectively. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with an average size of 25.45 nm and high chemical purity (98–99%). Pot experiments were conducted with different nanoparticle concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 ppm), applied during the tillering and panicle initiation stages. Growth responses were most favorable at 50 and 70 ppm, recording the highest tiller numbers per hill (5.93, 15.70, and 18.60), improved SPAD values (32.67 and 41.20), and increased leaf area (527.30, 930.95, and 838.13 cm² per plant) at 50 DAS, 70 DAS, and harvest, respectively. Yield attributes followed a similar pattern, with 70 ppm nano-ZnO producing the greatest panicle weight (4.35 g), number of panicles per hill (17.26), grain yield per pot (35.42 g), and straw yield per pot (42.50 g). Nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Zn, and Si were also significantly enhanced under this treatment. These results confirm that green-synthesized nanoparticles improve nutrient uptake efficiency, thereby increasing growth and yield in paddy cultivation.