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<p>Multiferroic composite with the chemical formula (1 - x) Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> – (x) SrNi<sub>0.25</sub>Fe<sub>11.75</sub>O<sub>19</sub> [abbreviated as (1–x) BST – x (SNF)] were prepared using stoichiometric raw materials mixed by ball milling followed by sintering at 1000&#xa0;°C. X – ray diffraction (XRD) revealed BST and SNF exist in cubic and hexagonal structures respectively confirming the presence of both ferroic phases in the prepared composites. The characteristic peaks in infrared spectra shift towards higher wave numbers upon increasing the SNF phase in the composite. Ultraviolet – visible analysis shows that with the addition of SNF phase in the composite, there is absorption in wide wavelength range from UV to visible light with absorption tail extending into infra-red region. To study their multiferroic properties, the dielectric, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior of the composites were evaluated. Dielectric constant decreases with addition of SNF phase in BST composites. With addition of SNF phase, ferroelectric properties get reduced because the dielectric constant of ferrites is small compared to BST. The polarization of composites decreases with increasing the SNF phase in multiferroic composite. The value of coercivity (E<sub>c</sub>) and remnant polarization (P<sub>r</sub>) decreases with increase in SNF phase in the composite. Magnetization increases with increasing the SNF phase in the composite. Saturation magnetization increases from 6 to 140 emu/g with increasing the SNF phase in the composite. The (1–x) BST– (x) SNF multiferroic composite uniquely combines high-permittivity ferroelectric BST with strongly magnetic SNF, enabling tunable ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior in one material. By varying SNF content, the structural, optical and multifunctional properties such as IR shifts, extended absorption, and modulated dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic responses can be precisely controlled. This tunability makes the composites promising for advanced multifunctional devices including sensors, spintronics and energy storage systems.</p>

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Compositional engineering of (1-x) barium strontium titanate (BST)–(x) strontium nickel ferrite (SNF) multiferroics with tunable optical and magneto–electric properties

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Sonali Thakur,
  • Monika Sharma,
  • Harjinder Singh,
  • Bindu Raina,
  • K. K. Bamzai

摘要

Multiferroic composite with the chemical formula (1 - x) Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 – (x) SrNi0.25Fe11.75O19 [abbreviated as (1–x) BST – x (SNF)] were prepared using stoichiometric raw materials mixed by ball milling followed by sintering at 1000 °C. X – ray diffraction (XRD) revealed BST and SNF exist in cubic and hexagonal structures respectively confirming the presence of both ferroic phases in the prepared composites. The characteristic peaks in infrared spectra shift towards higher wave numbers upon increasing the SNF phase in the composite. Ultraviolet – visible analysis shows that with the addition of SNF phase in the composite, there is absorption in wide wavelength range from UV to visible light with absorption tail extending into infra-red region. To study their multiferroic properties, the dielectric, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior of the composites were evaluated. Dielectric constant decreases with addition of SNF phase in BST composites. With addition of SNF phase, ferroelectric properties get reduced because the dielectric constant of ferrites is small compared to BST. The polarization of composites decreases with increasing the SNF phase in multiferroic composite. The value of coercivity (Ec) and remnant polarization (Pr) decreases with increase in SNF phase in the composite. Magnetization increases with increasing the SNF phase in the composite. Saturation magnetization increases from 6 to 140 emu/g with increasing the SNF phase in the composite. The (1–x) BST– (x) SNF multiferroic composite uniquely combines high-permittivity ferroelectric BST with strongly magnetic SNF, enabling tunable ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior in one material. By varying SNF content, the structural, optical and multifunctional properties such as IR shifts, extended absorption, and modulated dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic responses can be precisely controlled. This tunability makes the composites promising for advanced multifunctional devices including sensors, spintronics and energy storage systems.