<p>Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a widely recognised phenomenon that can expressively impact high-strength materials. In particular, high-strength steels are susceptible to delayed fracture, a form of hydrogen embrittlement that may occur during vehicle service. HE can trigger fracture, accelerate subcritical crack growth, and result in catastrophic failure, ultimately reducing mechanical properties like strength, toughness, and ductility. Hydrogen can penetrate materials either through electrochemical reactions or exposure to high-pressure hydrogen environments. To evaluate its impact on mechanical properties and measure the absorbed hydrogen content, several techniques are employed, such as Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT), Linearly Increasing Stress Testing (LIST), and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). In automotive steels, a typical amount of hydrogen can be found in the range of 1 to 5 ppm (parts per million) by weight, but this can vary depending on the type of steel and its processing. The extent of mechanical degradation is not a standard metric but can evident as a significant loss of ductility, such as a loss in ductility by 30% or more which can depend on many factors like stress, hydrogen concentration, and environmental conditions. Several mechanisms responsible for HE is also explored. This paper summarizes phenomenon of HE, HE mechanisms and prevention methods which retard the process of hydrogen diffusion, subcritical crack growth, techniques to quantify absorbed hydrogen.</p>

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Hydrogen embrittlement in automotive steels: a review

  • Ajeet Singh Rajput,
  • Pradyumn Kumar Arya,
  • Varun Jurwall

摘要

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a widely recognised phenomenon that can expressively impact high-strength materials. In particular, high-strength steels are susceptible to delayed fracture, a form of hydrogen embrittlement that may occur during vehicle service. HE can trigger fracture, accelerate subcritical crack growth, and result in catastrophic failure, ultimately reducing mechanical properties like strength, toughness, and ductility. Hydrogen can penetrate materials either through electrochemical reactions or exposure to high-pressure hydrogen environments. To evaluate its impact on mechanical properties and measure the absorbed hydrogen content, several techniques are employed, such as Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT), Linearly Increasing Stress Testing (LIST), and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). In automotive steels, a typical amount of hydrogen can be found in the range of 1 to 5 ppm (parts per million) by weight, but this can vary depending on the type of steel and its processing. The extent of mechanical degradation is not a standard metric but can evident as a significant loss of ductility, such as a loss in ductility by 30% or more which can depend on many factors like stress, hydrogen concentration, and environmental conditions. Several mechanisms responsible for HE is also explored. This paper summarizes phenomenon of HE, HE mechanisms and prevention methods which retard the process of hydrogen diffusion, subcritical crack growth, techniques to quantify absorbed hydrogen.