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<p>The scales of <i>Sardina pilchardus</i>, an abundant by-product generated by the fishing sector, offer a promising marine-derived material for the synthesis of calcium phosphate apatites intended for biomedical uses. Their unique chemical composition, which combines calcium phosphate salt and collagen, gives them properties particularly adapted to various biomedical uses, as implants, bone regeneration, and controlled drug release. This study highlights the physicochemical characteristics of sardine scales, their processing methods for valorization, and the advantages of using them over other sources, whether marine or synthetic. Although standardization and industrial scale-up still pose challenges, their valorization is part of a sustainable approach that contributes to by-product reduction while promoting advances in restorative medicine.</p>

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Sardina pilchardus scales: a potential alternative source for the development of marine apatitic calcium phosphates for biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Soumia Belouafa,
  • Anas Driouich,
  • Sergey V. Dorozhkin,
  • Hassan Chaair,
  • Mohammed Berrada

摘要

The scales of Sardina pilchardus, an abundant by-product generated by the fishing sector, offer a promising marine-derived material for the synthesis of calcium phosphate apatites intended for biomedical uses. Their unique chemical composition, which combines calcium phosphate salt and collagen, gives them properties particularly adapted to various biomedical uses, as implants, bone regeneration, and controlled drug release. This study highlights the physicochemical characteristics of sardine scales, their processing methods for valorization, and the advantages of using them over other sources, whether marine or synthetic. Although standardization and industrial scale-up still pose challenges, their valorization is part of a sustainable approach that contributes to by-product reduction while promoting advances in restorative medicine.