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<p>Nanoporous black Au (B-Au) films were fabricated under varied Ar gas pressures (2, 60, and 100&#xa0;Pa) via thermal evaporation. Film structures and properties were assessed with a consistent Au atom quantity of approximately 1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mol m<sup>−2</sup>. Irrespective of the deposition pressure, all samples displayed a black appearance devoid of metallic luster, resulting in almost zero specular and diffuse reflections. The highest optical absorption, reaching 99.8%, occurred at 2&#xa0;Pa deposition pressure. The film density decreased notably with increasing pressure, enabling the creation of films with a density below 1.0&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>—equivalent to 5% of the filling factor of bulk Au—by carefully controlling the deposition pressure. FESEM observation and XRD analyses revealed gas-phase metal particle formation in the preparation of B-Au films, similar to our previous study on B-Ag films. In addition, when deposited on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), the B-Au film exhibited enhanced response of the QCM sensor to ethanol vapor. The applicability of this technology to gas sensors has been confirmed.</p>

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Characterization and formation mechanism of black Au films deposited under varied Ar gas pressures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Kazuto Takada,
  • Midori Kawamura,
  • Takayuki Kiba,
  • Yoshio Abe,
  • Mikito Ueda,
  • Matej Mičušik,
  • Martin Hruška,
  • Michal Novotný,
  • Přemysl Fitl

摘要

Nanoporous black Au (B-Au) films were fabricated under varied Ar gas pressures (2, 60, and 100 Pa) via thermal evaporation. Film structures and properties were assessed with a consistent Au atom quantity of approximately 1.6 × 10−2 mol m−2. Irrespective of the deposition pressure, all samples displayed a black appearance devoid of metallic luster, resulting in almost zero specular and diffuse reflections. The highest optical absorption, reaching 99.8%, occurred at 2 Pa deposition pressure. The film density decreased notably with increasing pressure, enabling the creation of films with a density below 1.0 g/cm3—equivalent to 5% of the filling factor of bulk Au—by carefully controlling the deposition pressure. FESEM observation and XRD analyses revealed gas-phase metal particle formation in the preparation of B-Au films, similar to our previous study on B-Ag films. In addition, when deposited on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), the B-Au film exhibited enhanced response of the QCM sensor to ethanol vapor. The applicability of this technology to gas sensors has been confirmed.