<p>Erosion and sediment yield in productive landscapes are strongly influenced by soil characteristics and human activities. The Pampean plains of central-eastern Argentina are undergoing an intense land-use change process, including conversion from grasslands to agriculture and urban areas. This study aimed to estimate sediment yield in the El Pescado Creek watershed, located in the northeast of the Buenos Aires Province. Despite its flat topography, previous studies have indicated that the watershed is susceptible to erosion processes at the annual scale, suggesting a non-negligible erosion risk under current land-use conditions. This study, applied for the first time the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) in the whole watershed to estimate sediment yield. Two rainfall events with return periods of 1 and 5&#xa0;years, were used to obtain peak discharge and surface runoff with HEC-HMS hydrological model, which were later used as inputs for the MUSLE equation. Results demonstrate that increased rainfall intensity leads to higher sediment production, concentrated mainly in the headwater sub-watersheds, where intensive agriculture and urban expansion coincide. Hydrological modelling and estimation of sediment yield provide valuable information for watershed management and territorial planning, particularly in areas with limited field data, as the El Pescado Creek. The study highlights the need for sustainable land-use planning and long-term hydrological monitoring to reduce erosion risks, even though dealing with flatland areas, and support integrated watershed management, otherwise not only soil productive capacity will be affected, but also quality of surface water will be impacted as well. Steeper slopes and the progressive soil impermeabilization associated with land-use changes were identified as the main drivers of sediment yield, and even limited expansion of impermeable surfaces could generate significant local impacts.</p>