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<p>Low-cost, robust multipoint velocity monitoring is essential for advancing watershed flood-management strategies. This study aims to validate the measurement principle of a low-cost, slit-type velocimeter by examining its internal physical mechanisms through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. First, the CFD model was validated against U-shaped flume experiments; high fidelity was confirmed, with both the afflux in front of the velocimeter and the internal pressure within the horizontal tube agreeing with experimental results within an error margin of 2%.The validated model was then used to investigate internal hydraulic behavior under both submerged and unsubmerged conditions. The results revealed that the internal mechanisms differ from the conventional assumption of a simple stagnation point at the slit interface. While complex flows, such as internal circulation, occur near the slit, CFD analysis demonstrated that the velocity within the horizontal pressure tube decreases to near zero, indicating the formation of a true internal stagnation zone. Despite internal energy dissipation (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h_{L}\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>), the internal pressure exhibits a stable relationship with the mainstream dynamic pressure. This physical evidence validates the device as a reliable engineering tool for "River Basin Flood Control", where consistent performance is required in complex field environments. The flow velocity calculated from this internal pressure matched the reference velocity within an error of less than 3% under both conditions. These findings provide rigorous physical evidence that the velocimeter’s principle—converting external dynamic pressure into a stable internal pressure increase—is robustly maintained through the formation of a stagnation zone within the horizontal tube, regardless of installation conditions.</p>

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CFD analysis of the internal hydraulic mechanism and validation of the measurement principle of a slit-type velocimeter

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Akito Ouchi,
  • Yukihiro Shimatani,
  • Tomoko Minagawa

摘要

Low-cost, robust multipoint velocity monitoring is essential for advancing watershed flood-management strategies. This study aims to validate the measurement principle of a low-cost, slit-type velocimeter by examining its internal physical mechanisms through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. First, the CFD model was validated against U-shaped flume experiments; high fidelity was confirmed, with both the afflux in front of the velocimeter and the internal pressure within the horizontal tube agreeing with experimental results within an error margin of 2%.The validated model was then used to investigate internal hydraulic behavior under both submerged and unsubmerged conditions. The results revealed that the internal mechanisms differ from the conventional assumption of a simple stagnation point at the slit interface. While complex flows, such as internal circulation, occur near the slit, CFD analysis demonstrated that the velocity within the horizontal pressure tube decreases to near zero, indicating the formation of a true internal stagnation zone. Despite internal energy dissipation (\(h_{L}\)), the internal pressure exhibits a stable relationship with the mainstream dynamic pressure. This physical evidence validates the device as a reliable engineering tool for "River Basin Flood Control", where consistent performance is required in complex field environments. The flow velocity calculated from this internal pressure matched the reference velocity within an error of less than 3% under both conditions. These findings provide rigorous physical evidence that the velocimeter’s principle—converting external dynamic pressure into a stable internal pressure increase—is robustly maintained through the formation of a stagnation zone within the horizontal tube, regardless of installation conditions.