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<p>The toxic persistence of cadmium and lead in water supplies demands sustainable and high‐performance remediation strategies. This study reports the green synthesis of magnetic Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (IONPs) using leaf extracts of <i>Icacina oliviformis</i> (false yam) as a benign reducing and capping agent. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out with initial metal ion concentrations of 0.5–3.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>, varying pH, temperature (30–90&#xa0;°C), adsorbent dose (0.03–0.15&#xa0;g per 100&#xa0;mL), and contact time (5–60&#xa0;min). Under optimized conditions, (2.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> metal ion concentration, pH 10, 0.05&#xa0;g IONP, 25&#xa0;°C, 150&#xa0;rpm), the nanoparticles achieved 94% Cd (II) and 93% Pb (II) removal within 30&#xa0;min. The experimental equilibrium capacities reached up to 3.48&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for Cd ions and 2.75&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for Pb (II). Isotherm analysis showed that adsorption conforms best to the Freundlich model (R<sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.70), indicating heterogeneous, multilayer uptake, while kinetic data fitted best the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.79), consistent with chemisorption via surface complexation. The regeneration study resulted in adsorption efficiency decreasing from 96.80 to 52.10% during the course of four regeneration cycles for Pb and 92 to 41.3% for Cd. The rapid kinetics, high efficiency, and magnetic recoverability underscore the potential of these IONPs as cost-effective, recyclable adsorbents for heavy-metal remediation. Future studies will target column performance and real‐effluent trials to advance toward pilot‐scale implementation.</p>

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Green-synthesized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the adsorptive removal of CD2+ and PB2+ from aqueous solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Ibrahim Abdul-Gafaru,
  • Samuel Jerry Cobbina,
  • Kumi Michael

摘要

The toxic persistence of cadmium and lead in water supplies demands sustainable and high‐performance remediation strategies. This study reports the green synthesis of magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles (IONPs) using leaf extracts of Icacina oliviformis (false yam) as a benign reducing and capping agent. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out with initial metal ion concentrations of 0.5–3.5 mg L−1, varying pH, temperature (30–90 °C), adsorbent dose (0.03–0.15 g per 100 mL), and contact time (5–60 min). Under optimized conditions, (2.5 mg L−1 metal ion concentration, pH 10, 0.05 g IONP, 25 °C, 150 rpm), the nanoparticles achieved 94% Cd (II) and 93% Pb (II) removal within 30 min. The experimental equilibrium capacities reached up to 3.48 mg g−1 for Cd ions and 2.75 mg g−1 for Pb (II). Isotherm analysis showed that adsorption conforms best to the Freundlich model (R2 ≈ 0.70), indicating heterogeneous, multilayer uptake, while kinetic data fitted best the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.79), consistent with chemisorption via surface complexation. The regeneration study resulted in adsorption efficiency decreasing from 96.80 to 52.10% during the course of four regeneration cycles for Pb and 92 to 41.3% for Cd. The rapid kinetics, high efficiency, and magnetic recoverability underscore the potential of these IONPs as cost-effective, recyclable adsorbents for heavy-metal remediation. Future studies will target column performance and real‐effluent trials to advance toward pilot‐scale implementation.