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<p>This study evaluates the irrigation water quality of ten dams in northern Ghana using a multi-statistical modeling approach. Physicochemical parameters—including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), major ions Sodium ion (Na<sup>+</sup>), Sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup>⁻), Chloride (Cl⁻), and heavy metals Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As)—were analyzed from water samples collected during dry (November-March) and wet (April-July) seasons. Seasonal analysis revealed that while most parameters remained within acceptable limits for irrigation, Cl⁻ (396.36 ± 17.363&#xa0;mg/L), Na<sup>+</sup> (33.23 ± 0.125&#xa0;mg/L), and heavy metals exceeded permissible thresholds in certain dams, indicating potential risks of water and soil salinization and metal toxicity. Elevated pH levels (8.50 ± 0.411) persisted across seasons. Heavy metal concentrations—especially Cu (8.77 ± 0.337&#xa0;mg/L), Cd (0.033 ± 0.001&#xa0;mg/L), and Pb (0.054 ± 0.002&#xa0;mg/L)—exceeded Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) irrigation limits, posing risks to soil, crops, and human health. Dams such as GGB exhibited high NO<sub>3</sub>⁻, Cl⁻, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup>⁻, and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations, increasing the risk of soil degradation. NVN and PSN dams had elevated EC and TDS, indicating water and soil salinity concerns. The study highlights the need for regular monitoring, soil amendment strategies (e.g., gypsum application), and selection of salt-tolerant crops to ensure sustainable irrigation practices in the region.</p>

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An integrated multi-statistic evaluation of surface water quality for irrigation in the northern region of Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Samuel Wiafe,
  • Hamza Mohammed,
  • Kwabena Antwi Kusi,
  • Daniel Gyabaah,
  • Thomas Bandoh

摘要

This study evaluates the irrigation water quality of ten dams in northern Ghana using a multi-statistical modeling approach. Physicochemical parameters—including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), major ions Sodium ion (Na+), Sulfate (SO42⁻), Chloride (Cl⁻), and heavy metals Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As)—were analyzed from water samples collected during dry (November-March) and wet (April-July) seasons. Seasonal analysis revealed that while most parameters remained within acceptable limits for irrigation, Cl⁻ (396.36 ± 17.363 mg/L), Na+ (33.23 ± 0.125 mg/L), and heavy metals exceeded permissible thresholds in certain dams, indicating potential risks of water and soil salinization and metal toxicity. Elevated pH levels (8.50 ± 0.411) persisted across seasons. Heavy metal concentrations—especially Cu (8.77 ± 0.337 mg/L), Cd (0.033 ± 0.001 mg/L), and Pb (0.054 ± 0.002 mg/L)—exceeded Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) irrigation limits, posing risks to soil, crops, and human health. Dams such as GGB exhibited high NO3⁻, Cl⁻, SO42⁻, and Na+ concentrations, increasing the risk of soil degradation. NVN and PSN dams had elevated EC and TDS, indicating water and soil salinity concerns. The study highlights the need for regular monitoring, soil amendment strategies (e.g., gypsum application), and selection of salt-tolerant crops to ensure sustainable irrigation practices in the region.