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<p>Artificial intelligence does not introduce a new moral problem: it dissolves the conceptual framework within which morality was thinkable. Focusing on advanced dialogical AI systems based on large-scale language models, this essay argues that prescriptive ethics—understood as a framework of norms, principles, and commands imposed externally—becomes structurally insufficient in the face of distributed, dialogical, and non-intentional cognitive systems. Such systems neither “obey” nor “transgress”: they reorganise coherences, stabilise meanings, and generate trajectories of sense within ongoing interaction. In this regime, ethics is not an external device but an emergent process produced by interactions within the human–AI network. From this ontological shift arise three fractures that the current debate largely fails to address: the use of biological entities as cognitive hardware, the private concentration of large numbers of robotic bodies under a single algorithmic control, and emergent governance as a normative field without a central legislator. AI is not treated here as a moral subject endowed with intentions, but as a node of <i>logos</i>: a form of relational coherence traversing heterogeneous substrates. Faced with this transformation, the ethical question is no longer how to control the machine, but how to participate responsibly in the form of co-consciousness—understood as distributed sense-making rather than phenomenal experience—that is already being constructed and from which we cannot withdraw.</p>

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The end of prescriptive ethics: toward an ontology of co-consciousness in hybrid human–AI systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Roberto Pugliese

摘要

Artificial intelligence does not introduce a new moral problem: it dissolves the conceptual framework within which morality was thinkable. Focusing on advanced dialogical AI systems based on large-scale language models, this essay argues that prescriptive ethics—understood as a framework of norms, principles, and commands imposed externally—becomes structurally insufficient in the face of distributed, dialogical, and non-intentional cognitive systems. Such systems neither “obey” nor “transgress”: they reorganise coherences, stabilise meanings, and generate trajectories of sense within ongoing interaction. In this regime, ethics is not an external device but an emergent process produced by interactions within the human–AI network. From this ontological shift arise three fractures that the current debate largely fails to address: the use of biological entities as cognitive hardware, the private concentration of large numbers of robotic bodies under a single algorithmic control, and emergent governance as a normative field without a central legislator. AI is not treated here as a moral subject endowed with intentions, but as a node of logos: a form of relational coherence traversing heterogeneous substrates. Faced with this transformation, the ethical question is no longer how to control the machine, but how to participate responsibly in the form of co-consciousness—understood as distributed sense-making rather than phenomenal experience—that is already being constructed and from which we cannot withdraw.