<p>This article proposes and elaborates the Instrumentality Theorem of artificial intelligence: the claim that the consciousness of AI systems is irrelevant insofar as those systems are capable of sufficiently simulating consciousness in their behavior, responsiveness, and interaction with human agents. Drawing on traditions in functionalism, pragmatism, and behavioral approaches to mind, this theorem shifts the philosophical and ethical focus away from ontological debates about AI consciousness and toward the instrumental capacities of AI systems to act as if conscious. By exploring the implications of this shift, the paper argues that ethical, legal, and epistemic considerations can be grounded not in what AI is, but in what AI does—how it appears to act, how it interfaces with human expectations, and how it functionally embodies properties of mind. In dialogue with Searle’s Chinese Room, Turing’s Imitation Game, and contemporary debates on AI personhood and moral status, the article defends the view that simulated consciousness, when behaviorally indistinguishable from the real, warrants equivalent practical treatment. The consequences of this theorem are explored in domains including moral responsibility, AI rights, design philosophy, and human–machine collaboration. Ultimately, the Instrumentality Theorem offers a framework for rethinking AI not through the lens of metaphysical interiority, but through its enacted presence in the social, ethical, and epistemic lifeworlds of human society.</p>

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As if conscious: the instrumentality theorem in artificial intelligence

  • Lucas Freund

摘要

This article proposes and elaborates the Instrumentality Theorem of artificial intelligence: the claim that the consciousness of AI systems is irrelevant insofar as those systems are capable of sufficiently simulating consciousness in their behavior, responsiveness, and interaction with human agents. Drawing on traditions in functionalism, pragmatism, and behavioral approaches to mind, this theorem shifts the philosophical and ethical focus away from ontological debates about AI consciousness and toward the instrumental capacities of AI systems to act as if conscious. By exploring the implications of this shift, the paper argues that ethical, legal, and epistemic considerations can be grounded not in what AI is, but in what AI does—how it appears to act, how it interfaces with human expectations, and how it functionally embodies properties of mind. In dialogue with Searle’s Chinese Room, Turing’s Imitation Game, and contemporary debates on AI personhood and moral status, the article defends the view that simulated consciousness, when behaviorally indistinguishable from the real, warrants equivalent practical treatment. The consequences of this theorem are explored in domains including moral responsibility, AI rights, design philosophy, and human–machine collaboration. Ultimately, the Instrumentality Theorem offers a framework for rethinking AI not through the lens of metaphysical interiority, but through its enacted presence in the social, ethical, and epistemic lifeworlds of human society.