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<p>This study investigates the effect of the chemical modification of betalain pigments, extracted from purple <i>Bougainvillea glabra</i>, on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The extraction yield of crude betacyanin from <i>B. glabra</i> was approximately 8.75%. The unmodified betalain (B) and the modified betalain (MB) were used as natural sensitizers; their adsorption behaviors on TiO<sub>2</sub> were analyzed and compared. The structural and optical properties of both dyes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The chemical modification of the crude betacyanin extract proceeded with a yield of 69.5%. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on B and MB was evaluated under standard solar illumination (100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). The DSSC sensitized with B exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.31% and a short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 2.31&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, whereas the DSSC sensitized with MB demonstrated a lower efficiency (0.14%) and J<sub>sc</sub> of 0.91&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Despite this decrease in efficiency, a 100-hour stability test showed that DSSCs sensitized with MB retained approximately 73% of their initial efficiency, while those based on B retained only 31%, highlighting a significant improvement in long-term stability. EIS characterization of DSSC based on the two different sensitizers were made. These results suggest that MB-based DSSCs are more durable and potentially more competitive with inorganic-based solar cells. Overall, the findings highlight the trade-off between initial efficiency and long-term stability and provide valuable insights into the development of natural dye-based DSSCs with improved performance.</p>

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A study on the impact of betalain chemical modification on the efficiency and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Aziza Chabou,
  • Benamar Cheknane,
  • Zakia Zeffouni,
  • Faiza Zermane,
  • Massimiliano Cordaro,
  • Mariangela Latino,
  • Ilaria Citro,
  • Donatella Spadaro,
  • Stefano Trocino,
  • Giuseppe Calogero

摘要

This study investigates the effect of the chemical modification of betalain pigments, extracted from purple Bougainvillea glabra, on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The extraction yield of crude betacyanin from B. glabra was approximately 8.75%. The unmodified betalain (B) and the modified betalain (MB) were used as natural sensitizers; their adsorption behaviors on TiO2 were analyzed and compared. The structural and optical properties of both dyes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The chemical modification of the crude betacyanin extract proceeded with a yield of 69.5%. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on B and MB was evaluated under standard solar illumination (100 mW/cm2). The DSSC sensitized with B exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.31% and a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.31 mA/cm2, whereas the DSSC sensitized with MB demonstrated a lower efficiency (0.14%) and Jsc of 0.91 mA/cm2. Despite this decrease in efficiency, a 100-hour stability test showed that DSSCs sensitized with MB retained approximately 73% of their initial efficiency, while those based on B retained only 31%, highlighting a significant improvement in long-term stability. EIS characterization of DSSC based on the two different sensitizers were made. These results suggest that MB-based DSSCs are more durable and potentially more competitive with inorganic-based solar cells. Overall, the findings highlight the trade-off between initial efficiency and long-term stability and provide valuable insights into the development of natural dye-based DSSCs with improved performance.