Photochemical access to flavone- and aurone-fused estrone derivatives
摘要
The fusion of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds with biologically relevant structures represents a powerful strategy for developing novel hybrid molecules with enhanced properties. In this work, we report the preparation of flavone- and aurone-fused estrone derivatives via a sequential photo-Fries rearrangement and intramolecular annulation approach. The photo-Fries reaction of estrone 3-phenylpropiolate ester efficiently afforded ortho-hydroxyaryl phenylethynyl ketones, which were further cyclized under basic conditions. The selective formation of flavone (6-endo-dig) or aurone (5-exo-dig) derivatives could be tuned by varying the base strength and solvent conditions. Moreover, the aurone-fused estrone compounds exhibited visible-light-responsive photoisomerization, opening new possibilities for their application as photoswitchable steroidal systems. This photochemical strategy offers a versatile and efficient method to access functionalized steroidal derivatives with potential in chemical biology and material sciences.
Graphical abstractA comparative investigation on the preparation of chromenones and aurones fused to estrone has been developed applying two distinct approaches, viz. a two sequential steps and a one-pot two-step sequence. Both methods involve the photo-Fries rearrangement and the thermal intramolecular oxa-Michael cyclization reactions. The last step was found to depend on the strength of the chosen base, such as KOH or K2CO3, to promote the 6-endo-dig or 5-exo-dig cyclization, providing the desired products in good yields.