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<p>This study presents a systematic literature review of how recent research has positioned methanol as a candidate transitional energy solution for emerging economies pursuing sustainable development under resource and infrastructure constraints. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a three-query Scopus search yielded 306 records after initial filtering, which were screened to a final corpus of 92 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025. The corpus was analyzed through VOSviewer keyword co-occurrence mapping and three-stage thematic coding, and interpreted using an integrated framework combining the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on energy transitions with the VRIO framework on actor-level capabilities. The mapping identified five interrelated thematic clusters: low-carbon and green production; gasification and hydrogen systems; alternative and bio-based fuels; syngas chemistry and emissions; and methanol within wider renewable-energy systems, with a temporal shift from process engineering toward renewable integration and carbon neutrality. The attributes most often associated with methanol’s transitional value are its dual functionality as fuel and chemical feedstock, its compatibility with existing infrastructure, and biomass-based routes reportedly achieving emission reductions of roughly 71–76% relative to conventional routes. However, the evidence is geographically concentrated in China and Europe, with limited coverage of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Reading these patterns through the integrated lens, the review reframes this concentration as a transition-capability mismatch rather than a simple data gap, and proposes a Geographic VRIO Quadrants heuristic with cross-quadrant collaboration models to guide context-sensitive research and adoption in emerging economies.</p>

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Methanol as a transitional energy solution for emerging economies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Wing Yudhiarto,
  • Santi Novani,
  • Yos Sunitiyoso

摘要

This study presents a systematic literature review of how recent research has positioned methanol as a candidate transitional energy solution for emerging economies pursuing sustainable development under resource and infrastructure constraints. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a three-query Scopus search yielded 306 records after initial filtering, which were screened to a final corpus of 92 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025. The corpus was analyzed through VOSviewer keyword co-occurrence mapping and three-stage thematic coding, and interpreted using an integrated framework combining the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on energy transitions with the VRIO framework on actor-level capabilities. The mapping identified five interrelated thematic clusters: low-carbon and green production; gasification and hydrogen systems; alternative and bio-based fuels; syngas chemistry and emissions; and methanol within wider renewable-energy systems, with a temporal shift from process engineering toward renewable integration and carbon neutrality. The attributes most often associated with methanol’s transitional value are its dual functionality as fuel and chemical feedstock, its compatibility with existing infrastructure, and biomass-based routes reportedly achieving emission reductions of roughly 71–76% relative to conventional routes. However, the evidence is geographically concentrated in China and Europe, with limited coverage of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Reading these patterns through the integrated lens, the review reframes this concentration as a transition-capability mismatch rather than a simple data gap, and proposes a Geographic VRIO Quadrants heuristic with cross-quadrant collaboration models to guide context-sensitive research and adoption in emerging economies.