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<p>Heavy industries with high carbon emissions face growing pressure to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while remaining economically viable. However, there is limited empirical research on how eco-innovation and environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices develop in sub-Saharan Africa’s heavy industries. This study fills that gap through a longitudinal qualitative case study of Tanzania Portland Cement Company (Twiga Cement) from 2000 to 2024. Using theories such as the natural-resource-based view, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory, it integrates ESG performance assessment, SDG mapping, and sectoral benchmarking specific to Tanzania’s cement sector. The findings show that Twiga Cement has embedded sustainability in its core operations through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, upgrades to emissions-control systems, formal governance, and stakeholder engagement. These efforts led to clear reductions in emissions intensity, and improved transparency in corporate reporting. However, progress in sustainability varied and was influenced by institutional factors, rather than following a straight path. Alignment between the ESG and SDG objectives was influenced by global governance connections, access to international capital and technical knowledge, and local regulatory challenges. The study contributes to theory in three key ways. First, it broadens the natural-resource-based view by showing that environmental capability development in emerging markets depends on transnational institutional embeddedness. Second, it improves institutional theory by revealing that sustainability diffusion in heavy industry leads to stratified convergence among firms. Third, it conceptualizes ESG–SDG alignment as a process of hybrid institutional translation, where global sustainability norms are selectively integrated into local industrial contexts. The findings indicate that firm-level eco-innovation is necessary, but not sufficient, for comprehensive decarbonization. Effective change requires coordinated regulatory reforms, the mobilization of green finance, and the harmonization of sector-wide disclosure. This research contributes to understanding the SDGs and eco-innovation by showing that sustainability transformation in carbon-intensive industries depends on the interplay between corporate strategies and institutional ecosystem factors.</p>

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Eco-innovation and SDG integration through ESG transformation at twiga cement in Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Almas Fortunatus Mazigo

摘要

Heavy industries with high carbon emissions face growing pressure to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while remaining economically viable. However, there is limited empirical research on how eco-innovation and environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices develop in sub-Saharan Africa’s heavy industries. This study fills that gap through a longitudinal qualitative case study of Tanzania Portland Cement Company (Twiga Cement) from 2000 to 2024. Using theories such as the natural-resource-based view, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory, it integrates ESG performance assessment, SDG mapping, and sectoral benchmarking specific to Tanzania’s cement sector. The findings show that Twiga Cement has embedded sustainability in its core operations through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, upgrades to emissions-control systems, formal governance, and stakeholder engagement. These efforts led to clear reductions in emissions intensity, and improved transparency in corporate reporting. However, progress in sustainability varied and was influenced by institutional factors, rather than following a straight path. Alignment between the ESG and SDG objectives was influenced by global governance connections, access to international capital and technical knowledge, and local regulatory challenges. The study contributes to theory in three key ways. First, it broadens the natural-resource-based view by showing that environmental capability development in emerging markets depends on transnational institutional embeddedness. Second, it improves institutional theory by revealing that sustainability diffusion in heavy industry leads to stratified convergence among firms. Third, it conceptualizes ESG–SDG alignment as a process of hybrid institutional translation, where global sustainability norms are selectively integrated into local industrial contexts. The findings indicate that firm-level eco-innovation is necessary, but not sufficient, for comprehensive decarbonization. Effective change requires coordinated regulatory reforms, the mobilization of green finance, and the harmonization of sector-wide disclosure. This research contributes to understanding the SDGs and eco-innovation by showing that sustainability transformation in carbon-intensive industries depends on the interplay between corporate strategies and institutional ecosystem factors.