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<p>The rapid expansion of onshore wind energy has intensified concerns regarding its life-cycle environmental impacts. This study integrates a multi-level impact classification and an expert-driven Fuzzy DEMATEL approach to identify, quantify, and map causal relationships that shape the environmental footprint of onshore WTs. Five broad categories and 12 subcategories of impact were evaluated using inputs from seven experts. Results reveal that end-of-life and recycling exert the highest systemic influence, followed by material production and fabrication, and pre-construction site preparation. These stages drive cascading effects on downstream ecological disturbance, resource depletion, and cumulative emissions. Conversely, operational impacts exert limited causal influence. The analysis highlights critical gaps in the Global South context, including weak environmental assessments, limited circularity frameworks, and a lack of recycling infrastructure for composite materials and rare-earth materials. Policy recommendations emphasize the implementation of embedded carbon standards, the establishment of regional recycling hubs, and the strengthening of ecological survey protocols.</p>

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Assessment of life cycle environmental impacts of onshore wind turbines in the Global South

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Shambhu Sajith,
  • R. S. Aswani

摘要

The rapid expansion of onshore wind energy has intensified concerns regarding its life-cycle environmental impacts. This study integrates a multi-level impact classification and an expert-driven Fuzzy DEMATEL approach to identify, quantify, and map causal relationships that shape the environmental footprint of onshore WTs. Five broad categories and 12 subcategories of impact were evaluated using inputs from seven experts. Results reveal that end-of-life and recycling exert the highest systemic influence, followed by material production and fabrication, and pre-construction site preparation. These stages drive cascading effects on downstream ecological disturbance, resource depletion, and cumulative emissions. Conversely, operational impacts exert limited causal influence. The analysis highlights critical gaps in the Global South context, including weak environmental assessments, limited circularity frameworks, and a lack of recycling infrastructure for composite materials and rare-earth materials. Policy recommendations emphasize the implementation of embedded carbon standards, the establishment of regional recycling hubs, and the strengthening of ecological survey protocols.