<p>The emerging economies are confronted with several risk and uncertainty factors of the modern age, placing significant pressure on their ecology. Highlighting the issue that is probably lacking in the existing literature, the present study intends to fill the gap by studying BRICS-T economies – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye, over the period from 1995 to 2021. The model of environmental quality considers the multidimensional drivers of ecological footprint (EF), i.e., geopolitical risk (GPR), economic complexity (EC), renewable energy consumption (REC), economic growth (EG), and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) to analyze the nexus between uncertainty, risk, energy consumption, and the environmental quality. To generate robust results, the Method of Moments Quantiles Regression approach is considered best fitted for data analysis, as it holds certain features to capture heterogeneous effects and asymmetric patterns of the variables, rather than applying the simple mean-based approach. The findings reveal that across all quantiles (0.1–0.90), GPR and EC both contribute to environmental degradation. Conversely, utilizing more renewable energy contributes to lowering EF across all quantiles. Furthermore, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also justified. Based on the empirical facts, the recommendations help BRICS-T and other countries which admire and try to follow the economic growth pattern of these economies to secure SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and strong institutions), and 17 (partnership for the goals).</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Examining the role of geopolitical risk, economic complexity, and renewable energy on environmental quality for proposing sustainable development goals policy framework

  • Farah Durani,
  • Hafiz Ghulam Abbas,
  • Sook Fern Yeo,
  • Kay Hooi Keoy,
  • Muhammad Farhan Asif,
  • Qasim Raza Syed,
  • Ahsan Anwar

摘要

The emerging economies are confronted with several risk and uncertainty factors of the modern age, placing significant pressure on their ecology. Highlighting the issue that is probably lacking in the existing literature, the present study intends to fill the gap by studying BRICS-T economies – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye, over the period from 1995 to 2021. The model of environmental quality considers the multidimensional drivers of ecological footprint (EF), i.e., geopolitical risk (GPR), economic complexity (EC), renewable energy consumption (REC), economic growth (EG), and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) to analyze the nexus between uncertainty, risk, energy consumption, and the environmental quality. To generate robust results, the Method of Moments Quantiles Regression approach is considered best fitted for data analysis, as it holds certain features to capture heterogeneous effects and asymmetric patterns of the variables, rather than applying the simple mean-based approach. The findings reveal that across all quantiles (0.1–0.90), GPR and EC both contribute to environmental degradation. Conversely, utilizing more renewable energy contributes to lowering EF across all quantiles. Furthermore, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also justified. Based on the empirical facts, the recommendations help BRICS-T and other countries which admire and try to follow the economic growth pattern of these economies to secure SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and strong institutions), and 17 (partnership for the goals).

Graphical abstract