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<p>Forests play a pivotal role in the livelihoods of rural communities, particularly for women living near the forests. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has quantitatively examined the factors that contributed to the gender gap in dependency on forest resource income in Ethiopia. This study examines the interplay between household reliance on forests, gender gap, and factors that influence forest resource use, which is crucial for formulating effective policies to promote environmental sustainability and gender equity. Data collected from 384 randomly selected households and key informants and focus group discussions were analysed using a mixed method, includes Double Hurdle model and narrative analysis. The results show that forest resources significantly contribute 23.43% to households’ income, making it the second-largest income source. A notable gender gap exists in dependency on forest resource, where male-headed households depend on forest resources for a large portion of their income (24.95%) compared to female-headed ones (19.91%). The decision to depend on forests resource was negatively affected by education level, agricultural income, market distance, and forest governance effectiveness. While, it positively influenced by livestock size and experience of shocks. On the other hand, forest governance, land size and agricultural income decrease households’ extent of dependency on forests, while the experience of shocks increased it. The study also found that frequently visiting extension workers uniquely influence female-headed households' extent of reliance on the forest. This study suggests that concerned stakeholders should promote gender-based extension service, social protection intervention, and improve forest governance effectiveness.</p>

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Gender gaps in forest resource dependency and the underlying factors in southwest Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Geremew Motuma Jebessa,
  • Adugna Eneyew Bekele,
  • Teferi Tolera Engura

摘要

Forests play a pivotal role in the livelihoods of rural communities, particularly for women living near the forests. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has quantitatively examined the factors that contributed to the gender gap in dependency on forest resource income in Ethiopia. This study examines the interplay between household reliance on forests, gender gap, and factors that influence forest resource use, which is crucial for formulating effective policies to promote environmental sustainability and gender equity. Data collected from 384 randomly selected households and key informants and focus group discussions were analysed using a mixed method, includes Double Hurdle model and narrative analysis. The results show that forest resources significantly contribute 23.43% to households’ income, making it the second-largest income source. A notable gender gap exists in dependency on forest resource, where male-headed households depend on forest resources for a large portion of their income (24.95%) compared to female-headed ones (19.91%). The decision to depend on forests resource was negatively affected by education level, agricultural income, market distance, and forest governance effectiveness. While, it positively influenced by livestock size and experience of shocks. On the other hand, forest governance, land size and agricultural income decrease households’ extent of dependency on forests, while the experience of shocks increased it. The study also found that frequently visiting extension workers uniquely influence female-headed households' extent of reliance on the forest. This study suggests that concerned stakeholders should promote gender-based extension service, social protection intervention, and improve forest governance effectiveness.