<p>The rapid urbanization of Indian cities has led to an unsustainable demand as well as utilisation of urban local services, with significant implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Appropriate pricing of urban local services-above their currently low levels-and the resulting increase in green revenues, hold the key to not only influence environmentally unsustainable consumption patterns of local services by urban population but also to generate earmarked revenues for meeting urban sustainability goals. No study has as yet explored the green revenue raising potential of Indian cities. The paper answers the following research questions: (a) How much is the green revenue potential of Indian cities? (b) Which specific green revenue handles can be leveraged more? and (c) How do economically advanced Tier 1 cities compare with Tier 2 cities in terms of their green revenue potential? Using the Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis, Meta-frontier Analysis and Slack Based Analysis, we find that with the existing levels of expenditures, the Indian cities, on an average, can raise their green revenue sources by as high as 52%. A majority of ULGs have a scope to expand development charges followed by the solid waste management fees, making these the most untapped green revenue handles. The Tier 2 cities lag behind the Tier 1 cities in raising green revenues. Policy recommendations suggest for ULGs to redesign the existing green revenue sources in order to induce sustainable utilisation of services by urban population.</p>

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Assessing green revenue efficiency of Indian cities: a bootstrap meta-frontier DEA approach

  • Aishna Sharma

摘要

The rapid urbanization of Indian cities has led to an unsustainable demand as well as utilisation of urban local services, with significant implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Appropriate pricing of urban local services-above their currently low levels-and the resulting increase in green revenues, hold the key to not only influence environmentally unsustainable consumption patterns of local services by urban population but also to generate earmarked revenues for meeting urban sustainability goals. No study has as yet explored the green revenue raising potential of Indian cities. The paper answers the following research questions: (a) How much is the green revenue potential of Indian cities? (b) Which specific green revenue handles can be leveraged more? and (c) How do economically advanced Tier 1 cities compare with Tier 2 cities in terms of their green revenue potential? Using the Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis, Meta-frontier Analysis and Slack Based Analysis, we find that with the existing levels of expenditures, the Indian cities, on an average, can raise their green revenue sources by as high as 52%. A majority of ULGs have a scope to expand development charges followed by the solid waste management fees, making these the most untapped green revenue handles. The Tier 2 cities lag behind the Tier 1 cities in raising green revenues. Policy recommendations suggest for ULGs to redesign the existing green revenue sources in order to induce sustainable utilisation of services by urban population.