<p>This study examines how internal organizational factors drive green innovation (GI) and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) through the theoretical lens of the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV). Using survey data from sustainable firms in the Philippines and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings reveal that GI significantly enhances SCA, underscoring its role as a strategic mechanism for sustainability-oriented competitiveness. Both green supply chain management (GSCM) and green transformational leadership (GTL) positively influence GI, confirming that structured supply chain practices and leadership with an ecological vision act as key enablers of innovation. In contrast, green perceived organizational support (GPOS) shows no significant effect on either GI or SCA, suggesting that support must be coupled with targeted strategies and resources to drive innovation. Mediation analysis further demonstrates that GI transmits the effects of GSCM and GTL to SCA, while the mediation path through GPOS is not supported. Theoretically, this study advances RBV and NRBV by clarifying the boundary conditions under which organizational resources translate into sustainable advantage, showing that only embedded and capability-building practices meet VRIN criteria. Practically, the results highlight the need for firms to embed sustainability in supply chain operations, develop leaders with strong environmental commitment, and align organizational support with innovation objectives. Future research could examine moderators such as organizational culture, digital transformation, and regulatory environments across different industries and regions.</p>